Botany
Buriñgit is a small tree, covered with soft hairs all over. Leaves are 15 to 30 centimeters long, fetid when crushed, with 15 to 30 leaflets which are 5 to 9 centimeters long. Flowers are 4-parted, shortly stalked, and white, borne on pyramidal panicles 10 to 30 centimeters in length. Fruit is broadly oblong, about 2 centimeters long.
Distribution
- In thickets and old clearing at low altitudes in Mindoro, Culion, Palawan, and the Sulu Archipelgo.
- Also occurs in India to Indo-China and Malaya.
Constituents
- Study of leaves isolated 10 new furanone-coumarins - clauslactones A-J. together with known carbazole, clauszoline M, and a coumarin, umbelliferone.
- Study of an acetone extract of root bark yielded 10 new carbazole alkaloids, clausine M-V and clausenatine-A, together with 39 known compounds.
Parts used
Bark, roots, leaves.
Uses
Culinary
Culinary
Folkloric
For bowel problems, especially coli, the Malays drink a decoction of roots.
Pounded root used as poultice for sores, including ulcerations of the nose.
Poultice of leaves of pounded leaves applied to the head for headaches.
In Kelantan, roots used for yaws.
Ulcerations of the nose treated by fumigation from burning leaves and bark.
Decoction of flowers and leaves used for colic.
Decoction of leaves given after childbirth.
In Java, plant juice used for coughs; also, as vermifuge.
Studies
• Immunomodulatory: Study investigated the invitro immunomodulatory activities of the extracts of C. excavata on mouse immune system. Results revealed immunomodulating activity which could explain the traditional use of the plant in Thailand.
• Clauslactones / Inhibitory Effects for Tumor-Promotion: Study isolated 10 new furanone-coumarins named clauslactones A-J, together with known carbazole, clauszoline M and the coumarin, umbelliferone. The furanone-coumarins were founds to exhibit inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raju cells.
• Antiproliferative / Anti-Cancer: Study investigated clausineB, a carbazole alkaloid isolated from the stem bark of Clausenas excavata for antiproliferative activities against human cancer cell lines. Results showed activity against non-hormone-dependent breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer and hepatic cancer. The activity was attributed possibly to the phenolic group in clausine-B.
• Mosquitocidal: Study investigated the mosquito larvicidal activities of leaf and twig essential oils from CE and its constituents against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae. Results suggested the essential oils may be explored as a potential natural larvicide.
• Antiviral / Anti-HSV2: Study evaluated 35 extracts from the leaves of five plants, including C excavata, for antiviral activity against HSV-2 strains and HSV-2 isolates. Results showed 20 extracts from the 5 plants inhibited plaque formation by HSV-2 by inactivation activity.
• Antinociceptive: Study of ethanolic extract of C excavata leaves showed significant antinociceptive activity on acetic acid-induced writhing in mice.
• Coumarin / Inhibitory Effects for Tumor-Promotion: Study of leaves yielded furanone-coumarins found to exhibit inhibitory activity against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells.
• Flavonoids / Essential Oil: Study evaluated the major flavonoid compounds and predominant essential oils in C. excavata and its antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer activities. Methanolic extract of leaves was high inphenolic content, rutin and naringin. Terpinolene was the main component in the leaf oil. There was weak DPPH scavenging activity. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids was associated with anticancer properties. Fruit oil showed better cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells and showed potential as a good source for breast cancer treatment.
• Fungicidal: Root extracts of C. excavata showed significant inhibition of pathogenic plant fungi C. gloeosporioides growth. Results suggest CE should be investigated further as potential biologic control for C. gleoesporioides.
• Anti- HBV / Cytotoxicity against MDR Cancer Cells: Study yielded four natural pyranocoumarins - (1) clausenidin, (2) nordentatin, (3) clausarin and (4) xanthoxyletin. Compounds 1 and 2 suppressed HBV surface antigen in HepA2 cells; 1 and 3 showed cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines. Others compounds showed significant activity against multi-drug resistant cancer cell lines.
• Anti-HIV-1 / Limonoid: Study isolated a limonoid, clausenolide-1-ethyl ether and two coumarins, dentatin and nor-dentatin. Limonoid 1 from the crude ethanol extract of rhizomes and roots exhibited HIV-1 inhibitory activity.
• Cytotoxic Carbazole: An ethyl acetate extract of the stem bark isolated a new carbazole alkaloid, clausine-TY, together with two known carbazole alkaloids, clausine-H and clausine-B. Clausine-TY showed significant cytotoxicity against CEM-SS cell line.
Availability
Wild-crafted.
|
