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Botany
Kabling-parang is an erect, branched, more or less hairy
annual herb; 1 to 2 meters in height. Stems are 4-angled, pubescent. Leaves are thin, ovate 3 to 12 centimeters long; long-stalked and
pointed at the tip with round-toothed margins. Leaves have a strong
aromatic scent when crushed. Flowers are numerous, crowded and almost stalkless and occur
in spikelike racemes 5 to 25 centimeters long and 2 to 3 centimeters in diameter.
Calyx is about 6 millimeters long, hairy and pointed-toothed; the tube long
and bell-shaped. Corolla purplish, 10 to 12 centimeters long, strongly
zygomorphic, the upper lip being oblong-ovate and the lower lip
have two middle lobes.
Distribution
- In waste places and along borders
of thickets, in settled areas at low and medium altitudes, in
most or all islands and provinces throughout the Philippines.
- Certainly introduced.
- Occurs in India to China and Malaya.
Constituents
- Contains a volatile oil and a bitter alkaloid.
- Plant yields triterpenoids, anisomelic acid, ovatodiolide, 4,7-oxycycloanisomelic acid, iso-ovatodiolide, ß-sitosterol, stigmasterol, flavones, apigenin and an essential oil.
- Essential oils are a-pinene, ß-pinene, d-limonene, methyl chavicol, d-alpha thujene, citral, borneol, 1,8 cineole, a-terpineol, eugenol, azullene, and caryophyllene.
Properties
- Minty-bitter tasting,
- Antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antiphlogistic, analgesic.
- Considered carminative, stomachic, diaphoretic, and astringent.
Parts
utilized
Entire plant.
Uses
Folkloric
- In the Philippine, used for gastric catarrh and intermittent fevers.
- Decoction of leaves used as antirheumatic and stomachic.
-
Decoction of dried or fresh
material used as a wash for external afflictions, eczema, pruritus
skin problems.
- Leaves chewed for toothache.
- Used for snake bites.
- Used for rheumatism, bone pains, cold, fever, abdominal
cramps and gas pains.
- Juice of leaves use for colic in children, dyspepsia, and for fever associated with teething.
- Inhalation of vapor of hot infusion used to induce copious perspiration.
- Decoction of plant used as fomentation for rheumatic joints.
- Essential oil distilled from leaves used externally as embrocation in rheumatic arthritis.
- Distilled oil used for uterine affections.
- In the Dutch Indies, decoction of plant used for gravel.
- In Sri Lanka,
boiled stems and leaves used for gastroprotection. Also, a decoction
of leaves and stems used for pain.
- In China,
used medicinally for rheumatism, colds, fevers, abdominal pain, skin sores and snake bites.
- In Chinese and Indian medicine, used to treat gastric dysfunction, inflammatory disorders, and hypertension.
Others
- Natural herbicide: Study
showed that the mulch of A. indica holds good promise for use as a natural
herbicide for managing weeds in wheat fields.
- Repellent: Plant is burned to act as mosquito-repellent.
Studies
• Anti-Inflammatory:
(1) Study isolated a diterpenoid, two benzenoids, five flavonoids and six
phenyl propanoids. Some compounds exhibited potent antiinflammatory
activity which provides ethnopharmacologic relevance to its use in folk
medicine for treatment of i inflammation. (2) Study showed the anti-inflammatory activity of the pre-flowering plant is from cyclooxygenase-1 inhibition, plasma membrane stabilization, antihistamine and free radical scavenging activities, while revealing a loss of activity after flowering.
• Gastroprotective / Antioxidant:
Study showed decoction of leaves and stems of Anisomeles
indica at the pre-flowering stage, provide significant gastroprotection.
The extract of AI also showed in vitro antioxidant activity.
• Anti-Thrombin / Inhibition of
Platelet Aggregation: Bioactive
Cembrane Diterpenoids of Anisomeles indica: Study isolated fire new
cembrane-type diterpenoids, a new flavonoid glucoside and 17 other known
compounds. A compound showed cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer
cell lines. Some showed selective platelet aggregation activity while
others showed inhibition of thrombin induced antiplatelet aggregation.
• Anti-H. Pylori Activity: 50 Taiwanese folk medicinal
plants were studied for anti-Helicobacter
pylori activity. Anisomeles indica was one of six studied plants that exhibited strong anti-H.pylori activity.
• Analgesic / Antihyperalgesic:
Water extracts
of stems and leaves of flowering and preflowering plant
showed dose-dependent analgesic effect without toxic effects. Antihyperalgesic
effect was noted in preflowering but not in flowering plants. The analgesic
and antihyperalgesic effects of preflowering plant were attributed to
COX-1 inhibition with resulting impairment of prostaglandin synthesis.
• Anti-Arthritic / Anti-Inflammatory / Anti-Platelet: Methanolic extract of A. malabarica exhibited significant antiinflammatory activi5y and remarkable anti-arthritic and anti-platelet functions.
• Anti-HIV Activity: Study showed inhibition of the cytoprothic effects of HIV-1 infection by ovatodiolide, a diterpenoid. The anti-HIV activity of ovatodiolide was compared to that of AZT.
• Anti-Cancer: Ovatodiolide compound showed cytotoxicity effects by causing apoptosis in producing reactive oxygen species and down-regulation of FLICE inhibitory protein leading to cell cycle arrest towards oral squamous cell carcinoma.
• Phytotoxicity Effect : The leaf and root of Anisomeles indica showed phytotoxicity effect towards little seed canary grass suggesting a usefulness as a useful herbicide in wheat fields.
Availability
Wild-crafted. |
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