HOME      •      SEARCH      •      EMAIL    •     ABOUT


Family Loranthaceae

Agoago
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.
MALAYAN MISTLETOE

Wu rui ji sheng

Scientific names Common names
Dendrophthoe farinosa (Desr.) Mart. Agoago (Tagb.)
Dendrophthoe leucobotrya Miq. Bogto (Tagb.)
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Malayan mistletoe (Engl.)
Dendrophthoe venosa (Blume) Mart. Mistletoe plant (Engl.)
Elytranthe farinosa (Desr.) G.Don.  
Elytranthe rigida (Wall. ex DC.) G.Don  
Etubila maculata (Blume) Raf.  
Loranthus contractus Wall.  
Loranthus farinosus Desr.  
Loranthus finlaysonianus Wall.  
Loranthus flavus Blume  
Loranthus maculatus Blume  
Loranthus pentandrus L.  
Loranthus rigidus Wall. ex DC.  
Loranthus venosus Blume  
Loranthus zimmermannii Warb.  
Meiena axillaris Raf.  
Scurrula pentandra (L.) G.Don.  
Scurrula venosa (Blume) G.Don.  
Loranthus pentandrus L. is a synonym of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is an accepted species. KEW: Plants of the World Online

Other vernacular names
CHINESE: Wu lan ji sheng, Wu rui ji sheng.
INDONESIA: Benalu, Benalu kepel, Kedondong, Benalu Srikaya, Benalu teh.
THAI: Kaafak ma muang.

Gen info
- Dendrophthoe is a genus of hemiparasitic shrubs found in Asia and Australia known as mistletoes.
- It is a parasitic plant found in about 3000 plant species.
- The genus was first described by German naturalist Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius in 1830.
(10)
- The hemiparasitic shrub serves as food source for moths and butterflies, and often used as landscape plant in parks and gardens.

Botany
• Agoago is a strong and gray parasitic plant with terete branches. Leaves are rarely opposite, petioled, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, rarely obovate, 5 to 20 centimeters long, 2.5 to 12 centimeters wide, with a pointed or nearly obtuse apex. Flowers are densely crowded, scurfy, axillary with very short racemes, about 1.5 centimeters long. Bracts are capsular. Calyx tube is cylindrical to urceolate, 1.5 to 2 millimeters long, with a 5-toothed calyx-limb. Corolla is straight, with the tube dilated below and equally 5-cleft at the middle, with linear and pointed lobes. Fruit is oblong-ovoid, 10 millimeters long, 6 millimeters wide.

• Dendrophthoe pentandra is a parasitic, woody shrub that can grow up to 2m in height. Foliage: Simple leaves are arranged alternately along the branches and are lanceolate to elliptic in shape. The leaf blade is thick and leathery, the lateral veins are conspicuous and 2 to 4 pairs can be seen. The leaf blade is approximately 8 to 10cm long. Stems: Stems are grayish and lenticellate. Flowers: Cylindrical flowers are borne on axillary racemes and are bisexual. The corolla is pink or orange and is slightly inflated at the base. The stamens and stigma are extruded. Fruit: Fruit is a red berry which is minutely pilose or glabrous. 

Distribution
- Native to the Philippines.
- Found on trees at low and medium altitudes in Zambales Province, Luzon; and in Palawan.
- Also native to
Assam, Bangladesh, Borneo, Cambodia, China South-Central, China Southeast, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam


Constituents
• Stem contains a glucoside, quercitrine.
• Wax, on saponification, yields mellissyl alcohol.

• Leaf extracts yield large amount of quercitrin, besides hydrocarbons and fats.
Study of EA leaves extracts yielded tannins, saponins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Crude extract contained 1.33% alkaloid, 2.67% flavonoid, 14.87 µg/g total phenolic acid. Heavy metals were present below maximum permissible levels. (see study below) (11)
• Phytochemical screening of n-hexane fraction revealed presence of flavonoids, and quinones; the alkaline ethyl acetate fraction showed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and quinones; the water fraction showed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, and Quinones. Calculated total flavonoid as quercetin was 0.068 kg w/w. (see study below) (17)

Properties
• Considered antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihypertensive.

Studies have suggested antibacterial, antihypertensive, spasmolytic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiproliferative, antiapoptotic, antihypertensive, antiviral properties.

Parts utilized
Leaves.

Uses
Folkloric
• Poultice of pounded leaves used for small sores and ulcers.
• Juice of leaves used for wound healing, skin infection, and cancer.
• In Perak decoction of leaves used after childbirth as protective medicine.
• In Thailand, leaves or i
nfusion of dried whole plant used for hypertension.
• In Indonesia, used for hypertension, diabetes, cough, ulcers, skin infections, post-partum treatments, cancer, ulcers, and small pox.

Studies
Antihypertensive: Study of an aqueous extract of Loranthus pentandrus in 15 Sprague-Dawley rats with induced-hypertension showed an antihypertensive effect. One possible mechanism of its effect was
a negative cardiac chronotropic effect. (1)
Ileum Contracting / Spasmolytic / Smooth Muscle Contracting Effect: Leaf Methanol extract fraction showed ileum contracting activity. An ether soluble fraction showed papaverine-like spasmolytic effect. Subfractionation showed smooth muscle contracting ability.
Antioxidant / Antidiabetic / α-glucosidase Inhibition / Toxicity Study: Study using DPPH free radical scavenging assay showed the methanol extract with significant activity. Both methanol and water extracts of D. pentandra leaves showed significant α-glucosidase inhibition activity. All the mistletoe extracts tested showed no toxicity and showed significant antidiabetes activity. Results suggest D. pentandra is a potential source of antidiabetes and antioxidant compounds. (3)
Antioxidant: Study of leaf extract of mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra) grown on star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) isolated a flavonol glycoside, quercitrin (quercetrin-3-O-rhamnoside, an active antioxidant with an IC50 value of 5.19 ug mL. (4)
Chemical and Pharmacologic Study / Leaves: Study of methanol and water extracts and fractions of leaves yielded hydrocarbons, fats, and a large amount of quercitrin. Some fractions showed hypotensive effects, ileum contracting activity, and papaverine-like spasmolytic effect. (7)
Mosquito Repellent / Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus / Leaves: Study of Loranthus pentandrus methanol leaf extract showed strong repellent action against Aedes aegypti mosquito with 100% protection at 240 min at 4 and 5 mg/cm2. (8) (9)
Anticancer Potential / Toxicity Study / Leaves: Study evaluated the toxicity and cytotoxicity effect of DP ethyl acetate extract of leaves on selected cell lines (HeLa , L929, Glioma, MD-AMB 231, HepG2 and MCF-7) by MTT assay. The LC50 of DPEA was predicted above 1000 ppm. DPEA extract showed antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and L929 with IC50 of 4.72 and 18.12 µg/mL, respectively. Results showed the plant to be relatively safe, with potential for development as new chemotherapeutic agent. (see constituents above) (11)
Hepatoprotective / Antidiabetic / Leaves: Study evaluated the hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic, and antidiabetic potential of D. pentandra methanolic leaf extract using fixed dose of 400 mg/kbw on alloxan-induced diabetic rats and paracetamol intoxicated rats. Oral administration of ME showed significantly notable oral glucose tolerance in rats. Single dose exhibited significant antidiabetic activity comparable to standard metformin. The extract also showed significant hepatoprotective to paracetamol-intoxicate rats commesurable to standard Silimarin. (12)
Antiproliferative Towards Human Breast Carcinoma Cells (MCF-7) / Leaves: Study evaluated various DP leaves extracts for antiproliferative activity towards MCF-7 cells. Control drug was tamoxifen. The crude DP ethyl acetate and methanol extract were most effective against MCF-7 cancer cell lines. While tamoxifen showed toxicity against both cancerous cell lines and non-malignant cell lines, various types of DP extracts showed less toxicity effect towards normal cells. (13)
Immunomodulatory / Leaves: Study evaluated leaf extracts of Dendrophthoe pentandra and Potentilla indica for in vitro immunomodulatory activity.  MTT colorimetric assay was used to determine the proliferation of mice splenocytes and thymocytes. Pi and Dp produced time- and dose-dependent increase in cell viability and proliferation. After 72 h of treatment, thymocyte proliferation was augmented by 18 and 41% respectively, and splenocyte proliferation increased by 35 and 42% respectively. Results suggest the extracts act as potential immunostimulants and are an alternative source of immuno-modulatory compounds for treatment of human immune-mediated diseases. (14)
Quercitrin / Antioxidant / Antibacterial / Leaves: Study evaluated quercitrin, a flavonoid isolated from leaves of D. pentandra.  Antioxidant activity of quercitrin by DPPH method showed IC50 of 3.59 ppm. Antibacterial assessment against four bacterial species i.e. S. typhi, Pseudomonas sp., E. coli, and S. aureus showed linear diameter of inhibition zone with applied concentration of quercitrin. (15)
Flavonoids / Anti-Inflammatory: Study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate base, and water from mistletoes D. pentandra against white male Wistar rats. Using method inducers of carrageenan in the rat right foot, the ethyl acetate fraction of acid at dose of 2000 mg/kbw showed best activity with 41.46% inhibition of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity was attributed to the quercitrin flavonoid. Results suggest potential for use as adjuvant anti-inflammatory treatment. (see constituents above) (17)
Inhibition of Inflammation, Proliferation on Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer: Study evaluated the effect of DP extract (DPE) on levels of IL-22, myeloperoxide (MPO), proliferation and wild-type p53 expression on murine models of colitis associated colon cancer (CAC) using doses of 125, 250, and 500 mg /kbw.  Results showed DPE could inhibit colonic epithelial cells proliferation independently through the P53 pathway. (18)

Short- and Long-Term Toxicity Studies: Study evaluated the short and long term toxic effects of D. pentandra ethanol extract in mice. Results showed LD50s for acute toxicity at dose of 17.78 and 12.59 g/kg was comparable to dose of 12.45 and 8.81 g/kg in rats. In subchronic toxicity testing with oral administration of 420 mg/kg for 90 days to Wistar rats, values for hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes and erythrocytes index were within range of reference. Histopathological exam showed some abnormalities. Results suggest the ethanol extract with LD50 values was practically non toxic, but is not recommended to long term use. (19)
Apoptotic Effects in Human Breast Cancer Cell / Modulation of Calcium and Survivin: Study evaluated the effect of combination of D. pentandra leaves extract (DPE) and doxorubicin in reducing intracellular calcium concentration (iCa2+) and survivin levels while increasing the number of apoptotic cells in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The combination of doxorubicin and DPE significantly reduced the percentage of survivin (p<0.05) and iCa2+ concentration (p<0.05), and significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells (p<0.05). Results suggest the anticancer effect of doxorubicin can be enhanced in combination with DPE. (20)
Acute Oral Toxicity Study / Leaves: Study evaluated the acute toxicity of D. pentandra leaf extracts in male and female Wistar rats using OECD 420 guidelines, using doses of 5, 50, 300, and 2,000 mg/kg. Body weight, organ weights, and blood chemical values were unaffected, and liver and kidney tissues did not show signs of inflammation. Results suggest the D. pentandra leaf extracts were safe at doses studied. (21)
Amelioration of TNBS-Induced Colitis: Study evaluated the effect of D. pentandra extract on Foxp3 regulatory T cells and inhibition of Th17 cells in Balb/c mice with TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid)-induced colitis. The DP extract potently suppressed colon shortening and MPO in mice with induced colitis. Extract significantly decreased severity of TNBS-induced colitis in a dose-dependent manner. the extract attenuated the loss of body weight (p<0.05), ameliorated the disruption of colonic architecture, significantly reduced colonic MPo (myeloperoxidase) (p<0.05), lowered levels of Th17-associated cytokines, and increased the production of Treg-associated cytokines in mesenteric lymph node cells. Results suggest the DP extract has therapeutic potential to ameliorate TNBS-induced colitis evidenced by histological change and inhibition of IL-17 production. (22)
Antiproliferative on BCR/ABL Positive and Imatinib-Resistant Leukemia Cell Lines: Study evaluated the anti-proliferative effects of D. pentandra methanol extract on parental K562 and resistant K562R cells. Results showed the DP extract had greater antiproliferative effects towards K562R (IC50 192 µg/mL) compared to K562 (500 µg/mL) cells. At IC50 concentration, K562 showed increase in apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Results showed potent anti-proliferative effect on BCR/ABL positive K562 cells. (23)
Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells: Study evaluated the antiproliferative activity of D. pentandra and its mechanism of action in cancer treatment. MTT assay showed inhibition of MCF-7 cells proliferation with IC50 of 10.65 µg/mL. Cytometric analysis showed mechanism of cell death was via MCF-7 arrested cell cycle distribution at G1/S phase and induced apoptosis. Results suggest increase p53 followed by increase of pro-apoptotic Bax and decrease of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 led to apoptosis. (24)
Antihypertensive / ACE Inhibition: Study evaluated the interaction of bioactive compounds from Scurrula atropurpurea and Dendrophthoe pentandra with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) macromolecule via an in-silico route. The prepared compounds exhibited potential bioactive agents for vasodilation, vasoprotective, and cardioprotective applications. The flavonol 3-O-D-glucoside had a harmless LD50. Molecular docking showed the flavonol had lowest binding energy with value of -8.3 kcal/mol-1, suggesting potential inhibitor for ACE. Molecular docking analysis showed the compounds inhibited ACE macromolecule as: flavonol > kaempferol > casticin > quercetin > quercitrin > isoquercitrin. Results suggest both S. atropurpurea and D. pentandra have potential as traditional herbal medicine, especially to treat hypertension. (25)
Cytotoxic Against T47D Breast Cancer Cells / Leaves: Study evaluated the cytotoxic effect of leaves extract from samples collected from several locations in Indonesia against T47D and Vero cell lines. Extract from Kalimantan showed IC50 of 287.39 µg/mL, LC50 798.28 µg/mL, and selectivity index 2.77, which means it was toxic to cancer cells but safe for Vero cell lines. (26)
Hepatoprotective / CCl4-Hepatotoxicity / Leaves: Study evaluated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous (ADPL), chloroform (CDPL), ethanol (EDPL) and petroleum ether (PLPL) extracts of D. pentandra leaves. EDPL and PDPL extracts showed highest total antioxidant content (TAC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and potent antioxidant effect with IC50 31.62 and 24.30 µg/mL (DPPH). Hepatoprotective effect was evaluated against CCl4-ineucee liver toxicity in long evans rats. Treatment with extracts significant counter balanced the toxicity induced elevations of AST, ALT, ALP towards normal. (27)
Antiviral / Newcastle Disease / Quercitin-like Compound / Leaves: Study evaluated the in vitro ability of a flavonoid compounds, namely quercetin-like compounds (QLCs) from crude methanol extract of leaves against field viruses, specifically the Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The QLCs activity was tested in vitro against the NDV in chicken kidney cell culture. Results showed the QLCs from leaves flavonoids of BD have in vitro antiviral bioactivity against NDV at virulence titer of 10-5 Tissue
Culture Infectious Dose 50% (TCID50). QLCs may have potential for development of medical compounds for the treatment of other human or animal viral infections. (28)
Inhibition of Aging Process in the Immune System / Leaves: Age-associated immune system dysfunction or "immunosenescence" is indicated by increased susceptibility to infections and various chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, heart disease and atherosclerosis. One of the markers of immunosenescence is a significant drop in CDF28 and reduced proinflammatory cytokine IL-2. Results showed the ethanol extract of leaves exhibited good potential to inhibit the aging process in the immune system, as characterized by an increase in IL-2 levels and the percentage of CD4+DC28+ and CD8+CD28+. (29)
Molecular Mechanisms on Colorectal Co of Aging Process in the Immune System / Leaves: Study evaluated the active compound profile and the pharmacological and molecular mechanisms  on colorectal cancer (CRC) inhibition. LC-MS/MS analysis identified 18 active compounds. Network analysis revealed that quercetin and Phyllanthusiin E modulated the target genes MYC, Caspase 3, Jun proto-oncogene, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, B-cell lymphoma 2, Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8, Bcl-2-associated X protein, and Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma. DP extract may be beneficial for CRC patients by modulating apoptosis, p53 signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Wnt signaling and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein B signaling pathways. Results suggest potential for DP for further research in developing anti-CRC drugs. (30)
Combination Paclitaxel and Chitosan on Breast Cancer Cells / Leaves: Study evaluated the effect of combination treatment of paclitaxel and chitosan-Dentrophthoe pentandra leaves extract nanoparticles (NPDP) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The combinations of paclitaxel-NPDP significantly inhibited proliferation of cells (p<0.ooe) and its ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest (p<0.001). The combination of NPDP nanoparticles could reduce expressions of TUBB3 and MAP4. Study suggests potential sources of new therapy for NPDP. (31)
Antifungal / Paclitaxel and Chitosan on Breast Cancer Cells / Leaves: Mango parasite plant D. pentandra is a parasitic plant that attaches to the host. Active compounds from the leaves of the mango parasite have been study for antifungal activity. Fractions of D. pentandra were evaluated for antifungal activity and MICs against Candida albicans. N-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed zones of inhibition diameter of 12 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Column chromatography of n-hexane fraction yielded two pure compounds with antifungal activity: E1 and EF with inhibition zones of 10 and 12 mm, respectively. (32)
Inhibition of Immunosenescence / Leaves: Immunosenescence triggers increased morbidity in geriatrics. Study evaluated the effect of mango mistletoes Dendrophthoe pentandra (MM/Dp) towards CD4/CD8 ration. Mango mistletoes leaves 96% ethanol extracts in doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg /kbw were used once daily for 30 days on female mice. Administration of various doses showed strong correlation (r=0.496) with decreasing CD4/DC8 ration MM/DP has potential in inhibiting immuno-senescence evidenced by decreasing percentage of CD4+CD28- and CD8+CD8-, as well as increasing the IL-2 level. (33)
Effect on Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Hyperglycemic Rats / Leaves: The duku parasite is usually considered a parasite on the duku plant and is often discarded as it it thought to interfere with the growth of the plant. Study evaluated the effect of the duku parasite leaf extract on reduction of MDA in hyperglycemic rats. Oral administration of ethanol extract EEDBD at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kbw reduced MDA levels in hyperglycemic rats. Only the 400 mg/kbw dose showed significant difference with negative control (CMC-Na), with no significant difference with glibenclamide and normal groups.  (34)
Effect on Brain of Hypertensive Rats Treated with Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA) Salt: Study evaluated the histopathological profile of the brain in hypertensive male Wistar rats (DOCA-Salt) given mango mistletoe methanol extract (MMME) using doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kbw. Administration of EMBM to male rats can significantly decrease the number of cell necrosis and can affect the width of the white matter of the brain. The three dose variations did not show significant difference, suggesting the 50 mg/kbw is optimum dose in reducing amount of cell necrosis in white matter of male Wistar rat brain. (35)

Availability
Wild-crafted.


Updated March 2024 / Dec 2019 / Jun 2016

PHOTOS / ILLUSTRATIONS
IMAGE SOURCE: Dendrophthoe pentandra's flowers Aris Riyanto / CC BY-SA 4.0 / Click on image or link to go to source page / Wikidata
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: Dendrophthoe pentandra's flowers / Copyright © 2012 by P B Pelser & J F Barcelona (contact: pieter.pelser@canterbury.ac.nz) [ref.151025 ] / Non-Commercial Use / Image modified / click on image or link to go to source page / Phytoimages.siu.edu
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: Illustration: Loranthus pentandrus L. / Loranthaceae / C.L. Blume, Flora Javae nec non insularum adjacentium, vol. 2, t. 10 (0) / Illustration contributed by the Missouri Botanical Garden /  Click on image to go to source page / PlantGenera.Org
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: Dendrophthoe pentandra / Copyright © Wan_hong / CC BY-NC-SA /  Non-commercial use / Image modified / Click on image to go to source page / EOL

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Antihypertensive effect of Loranthus pentandrus L. in renovascular hypertensive rats.
/ Kukongviriyapan, U., V. Kukongviriyapan, and O. Pasurivong / Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 72:P134, 1994.
(2)
Chemical and Pharmacological Studies on the Constituents of Loranthus pentandrus / Chantarasomboon Prakongsiri, Yoshihira Kunitoshi et al / The Japanese journal of pharmacognosy 28(1), 7-14, 1974-06-20
(3)
Bioactivities Evaluation of Indonesian Mistletoes (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) Leaves Extracts / Nina Artanti, Taufik Firmansyah and Akhmad Darmawan / Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2012; 2(1): pp 24-27
(4)
Isolation and Identification of Active Antioxidant Compound from Star Fruit (Averrhoa carambola) Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq.) Ethanol Extract
/ Nina Artanti, Yelli Ma`arifa and Muhammad Hanafi / Journal of Applied Sciences, 6: 1659-1663./ DOI: 10.3923/jas.2006.1659.1663
(5)
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. (accepted name) / Chinese names / Catalogue of Life, China
(6)
Dendrophthoe pentandra / Synonyms / KEW: Plants of the World Online
(7)
Chemical and Pharmacological Studies on the Constituents of Loranthus pentandrus / Chantarasomboon Prakongsiri, Yoshihira Kunitoshi, Natori Shinsaku, Watanabe Kazuo, Goto Yoshiaki, Kugo Mamoru / The Japanese journal of pharmacognosy 28(1), 7-14, 1974-06-20
(8)
Adulticidal and repellent activities of Rhinacanthus nasutus leaf extracts against Aedes aegypti Linn and Culex quinquefasciatus Say / Jayapriya G and Gricilda Shoba F / Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2015; 3(1): pp 154-159
(9)
Mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of Loranthes pentandrus against dengue vector Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) / Krishnappa K, Elumalai K. / Discovery 2015; 27(96): pp 8-14
(10)
Dendrophthoe / Wikipedia
(11)
Study of Dendrophthoe Pentandra Ethyl Acetate Extract as Potential Anticancer Candidate on Safety and Toxicity Aspects / Lau Shin Yee, Nurul Fatihal Mohd Fauzi, Nik Nurul Najihah, Nik Mat Daud, Mohd Dasuki Sulain / Journal of Analytical & Pharmaceutical Research, 2017; 6(1): 00167
(12)
Hepatoprotective, antihyperglycemic and antidiabetic effects of Dendrophthoe pentandra leaf extract in rats / Mahadi Hasan, Mohammad Tuhin Ali, Rifat Khan, Parag Palit, Aminul Islam, Veronique Seidel, Rabeya Akter, Laizuman Nahar / Clinical Phytoscience, 2018; 4(16) / DOI: 10.1186/s40816-018-0076-9
(13)
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE EFFECT OF DENDROPHTHOE PENTANDRA EXTRACTS TOWARDS HUMAN BREAST ADENOCARCINOMA CELLS (MCF-7) / Nik Aina Syazaba Nik Zainuddin, Mohd Dasuki Sul'ain / Jurnal Teknologi, 2015; 72(1): pp 1-6 / eISSN: 2180-3722
(14)
Immunomodulatory effects of Potentilla indica and Dendrophthoe pentandra on mice splenocytes and thymocytes / Hui Ying Ang, Tamilselvan Subramani, Noorjahan Banu Alitheen et al / Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine,  2014; 7(6): pp 1733-1737 / DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1657 / eISSN: 1792-1015 / pISSN: 1792-0981
(15)
ISOLATION OF QUERCITRIN FROM Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq LEAVES AND IT’S ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES / Rini Hardiyanti, Lamek Marpaung, I Ketut Adnyana, Partomuan Simanjuntak  / RASAYAN J Chem., 2019; 12(4): pp 1822-1827 / eISSN: 0976-0083 / pISSN: 0974-1496
(16)
Dendrophthoe pentandra / National Parks: FLORA & FAUNA WEB
(17)
TOTAL FLAVONOID CONTENT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF INDONESIAN MISTLETOES (DENDROPHTHOE PENTANDRA (L.) MIQ.) ETHANOL EXTRACT / Resmi Mustarichie, Sohadi Warya, Nyi Mekar Saptarini, Danni Randhani / World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2015; 4(4): pp 287-302 / ISSN: 2277-7105
(18)
Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq extract effectively inhibits inflammation, proliferation and induces p53 expression on colitis-associated colon cancer / Agustina Tri Endharti, Adisti Wulandri, Anik Listyana, Eviana Norahmawati, Sofy Permana / BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016; 16: Article No 374 / DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1345-0
(19)
Acute and Subchronic Toxicities of Indonesian Mistletoes Dendrophthoe pentandra L. (Miq.) Ethanol Extract / Resmi Mustarichie, Sohadi Warya, Nyi Mekar Saptarini, Ida Musfiroh / JAPS: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 6(9) / DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2016.60916
(20)
Dendrophthoe pentandra Leaves Extract Promotes Apoptotic Effects of Doxorubicin in Human Breast Cancer Cell via Modulation of Intracellular Calcium and Survivin / Agustina Tri Enharti, Tri Esti Wahyuningtas, Hardini, Kusworini Handono, Edi Widjajanto, Sofy Permana /  JAPS: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences,  2018 / DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8806
(21)
Assessment of Oral Acute Toxicity of Thai Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats. / Suthira Maneechai, Ampa Konsue, Teeraporn Katisart / Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 2023; 7(3) / ISSN: 2616-0684 / DOI: 10.26538/tjnpr/v7i3.15
(22)
Extract from mango mistletoes Dendrophthoe pentandra ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis by regulating CD4+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes / Agustina Tri Endharti, Sofy Permana / BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2017; 17: Article No 468 / DOI:10.1186/s12906-017-1973-z
(23)
Anti-Proliferative Effects of Dendrophthoe pentandra Methanol Extract on BCR/ABL-Positive and Imatinib-Resistant Leukemia Cell Lines / Afiqah Zamani, Siti Asmaa Mat Jusoh, Hamid Ali Nagi Al-Jamal, Mohd Dasuki Sul'ain, Muhammad Farid Johan /  Asian Pac J Cancer Prev., 2016; 17(11): pp 4857-4861
(24)
Dendrophthoe pentandra Induced Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest at G1/S in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells, MCF-7 via Up- Regulation of p53 / Nik Aina Syazana, Nik Zainuddin, Yusmazura Zakaria, Mohd Dasuko Sula'ain / JAPS: Joournal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2018; 8(9) /
DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2018.8919
(25)
Investigation of Excellent ACE Inhibitor Agents from Scurrula atropurpure and Dendrophthoe pentandra for Anti-Hypertension / Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer, Nurul Jadid Mubarakati, Ahmad Taufiq / Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences, 2021; 20(3): e2021068
(26)
Cytotoxic activities profile of Parasite Mango (Dendrophthoe Pentandra) from various areas in Indonesia against t47d breast cancer cells and normal vero cell lines / Roihatul Mutiah / J Islamic Pharm, 2019; 4(1): pp 1-8 / ISSN: 2527-6123
(27)
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Dendrophthoe pentranda Leaves on CCl4 -Induced Hepatotoxic Rat / Md Anamul Haque, Md Uzzal Haque, Md Anwar Ul Islam / Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal, 2018; 21(2): pp 71-79
(28)
In vitro analysis of quercetin-like compounds from mistletoe Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq as a potential antiviral agent for Newcastle disease / Lazuardi Mochamad, Selvaraja Malarvili, Khairat Jasmine, Vuanghao Lim / F1000Research, 2024; 12: 1214 / DOI: 10.12688/f1000researcg.133489.5
(29)
The The Effect of Mango Mistletoes (Dendrophthoe pentandra) Leaves Extract on Percentage of CD4+CD28+, CD8+CD28+, and interleukin-2 Levels of Aged Balb/c Mice / Kusworini Handono, Mirza Zaka Pratama, Inmas Andi Sermoati, Maria Gabriela Yuniati, Syaiful Hidayat et al / Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences,  2021; 9(A): A-Basic Sciences /
DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2021.6182
(30)
Elucidating the active compound profile and mechaniJPDsms of Dendrophthoe pentandra on colorectal cancer: LCMS/MS identification and network pharmacology analysis / Roihatul Mutiah, Ermin Rachmawati, Syayida Roisyatus Zahiro, Alvi Milliana / JAPS: Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2024 / DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2024.152900
(31)
The combination therapy of targeting both paclitaxel and Dendrophthoe pentandra leaves extract nanoparticles for improvement breast cancer treatment efficacy by reducing TUBB3 and MAP4 expressions / Sofy Permana, Hilmia Lukman, Eviana Norahmawati, Oktavia Eka Puspita et al / ABP: Acta Biochimica Polonica, 2021; 68(4) / DOI: 10.18388/abp.2020.5563
(32)
POTENTIAL OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS LEAVES OF MANGO PARASITE (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L). Miq) AS ANTIFUNGAL / M Ridha Mauludi, Harry Widjajanti, Elisa Nurnawati / Biovalentia: Biological Research Journal, 2022; 8(1): pp 61-68 / eISSN: 2477-1392 / DOI: 10.24233/biov.8.1.2022.245
(33)
The effect of mango mistletoes (Dendrophthoe pentandra) leaves extract toward lmmunosenescence on old balb/c mice / Kusworini Handono, Mirza Zaka Pratama, Maria Gabriela Yuniati, Fatmawati Fatmawati et al / AIP Conf Proc, 2023; 2634: 020010
(34)
The Effect of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq Ethanol Extract on Malondialdehyde (MDA) in Hyperglycemic Rats / Anggun Syafitri, Yuandani Yuandani, Tri Widyawati /  International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 2023; 4(2): pp 311-316 / DOI: 10.46729/ijstm.v4i2.758
(35)
Effects of Mango Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. Miq) Extracts on Brain in Hypertensive Rats Treated with Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-Salt / Syntia diyah Hayu Ria Saputri, Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer, Nurul Jadid Mubarakati / JSMARTech: Journal of Smart Bioprospecting and Technology; 2021 / DOI: 10.21776/ub.jsmartech.2021.002.02.55

DOI: It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. Copying and pasting the information on the search window or using the DOI (if available) will often redirect to the new link page. (Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier)

                                                            List of Understudied Philippine Medicinal Plants
                                          New plant names needed
The compilation now numbers over 1,300 medicinal plants. While I believe there are hundreds more that can be added to the collection, they are becoming more difficult to find. If you have a plant to suggest for inclusion, native or introduced, please email the info: scientific name (most helpful), local plant name (if known), any known folkloric medicinal use, and, if possible, a photo. Your help will be greatly appreciated.

HOME      •      SEARCH      •      EMAIL