HOME      •      SEARCH      •      EMAIL    •     ABOUT


Family Cactaceae
Pitaya
Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R.Hunt
DRAGON FRUIT

Huo long guo

Scientific names Common names
Cereus tricostatus Rol.-Goss. Pitaya (Tag., Engl.)
Cereus undatus Haw. Belle of the night (Engl.)
Cereus undalatus D. Dietr. Cinderella plant (Engl.)
Harrisia undata (Haw.) Britton Dragon fruit (Engl.)
Hylocereus tricostatus (Rol.-Goss.) Britton & Rose Queen-of-the-night cactus (Engl.)
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britt. & Rose Nightblooming cactus (Engl.)
Hylocereus undatus subsp. luteocarpus Calix de Dios Fire dragon fruit (Engl.)
Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R.Hunt Jesus in the cradle (Engl.)
S. undatus subsp. luteocarpus (Calix de Dios) MHJ van der Meer Moonflower (Engl.)
  Pitahaya (Engl.)
  Red pitaya (Engl.)
  Night blooming cereus (Engl.)
  Strawberry pear (Engl.)
Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose is a synonym of Selenicereus undatus.
Selenicereus undatus (Haw.) D.R.Hunt is an accepted species. KEW: Plants of the World Online
Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus are two varieties of the commonly called pitaya fruits. (26)

Other vernacular names
BENGALI: Dragon fal.
CHINESE: Huo long guo, Zun long guo.
CZECH: Draci ovoce.
DANSK: Dragefrugt.
ESTONIAN: Maasik-metskaktus.
FINNISH: Pitaija, Lohikäärmehedelmä.
FRENCH: Belle de nuit, Cierge-lezard, Pithaya roughe, Poire de chardon, Fruit de dragon.
GERMAN: Distelbrin, Echte stachebrin, Drachenfrucht.
GREEK: Fruto tu draku.
HAWAIIAN: Panini-o-ka-puna-hou, Papipi pua, Panani o ka.
INDONESIAN: Buah naga.
ITALIAN: Frutto del drago, Pitahaya.
JAPANESE: Pitaya.
KOREAN: Yong-gwa.
LITHUANIAN:  Kertuotis.
MEXICO: Junco, Tasajo.
PORTUGUESE: Cato-barse, Cardo-ananas, Pitaia, Rainha da noite.
SPANISH: Chaca, Pitahaya roja, Flor de caliz, Pitahaya, Pitajava, Junco, Junco tapatio, Pitahiya orejona, Reina de la noche, Tasajo.
SWEDISH: Distelbirn, Echtestachelbrin, Dachenfr skogskaktus, Röd pitahaya.
THAI: Kaeo mangkon.
VIETNAMESE: Thanh long.

Gen info
- Selenicereus undatus, the white-fleshed pitahaya, is a species of the genus Selenicereus (formerly Hylocereus) in the family Cactaceae. It is the most cultivated species in the genus. (17)
- Like all cacti, the genus originates in the Americas. The precise native origin of  S. undatus  is unresolved. It may be a hybrid. (17)
- Etymology: The species epithet undatus derives from Latin unda, meaning "wave", referring to the wavy edges of the branches' ribs. (17)

Botany
• Dragon fruit is a vining, terrestrial or epiphytic cactus with succulent three-winged, green stems, reaching up to 20 feet long. Wings are up to 50 millimeters wide with modulate margins, spine are 1 millimeter long. Plant may climb trees via aerial roots. Flowers are fragrant, white, up to 35 centimeters long, blooming at night. Fruit is round, red, pink or yellow, with prominent scales.

• Selenicereus undatus is a sprawling or vining, terrestial or epiphytic cactus. Stems are scandent (climbing habit), creeping, sprawling or clambering, and branch profusely, four to seven of them, between 5 and 10 m (16 and 33 ft) or longer, with joints from 30 to 120 cm (12 to 47 in) or longer, and 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in) thick; with generally three ribs; margins are corneous (horn-like) with age, and undulate. Areoles, the small area bearing spines or hairs on a cactus, are 2 mm (0.079 in) across with internodes 1 to 4 cm (0.39 to 1.57 in). Spines on the adult branches are 1 to 4 mm (0.039 to 0.157 in) long, being acicular (needle-like) to almost conical, and grayish brown to black in colour and spreading, with a deep green epidermis. The scented, nocturnal flowers are 25 to 30 cm (9.8 to 11.8 in) long, 15 to 17 cm (5.9 to 6.7 in) wide with the pericarpel 2.5 to 5 cm (0.98 to 1.97 in) long, about 2.5 cm (0.98 in) thick, bracteoles ovate, acute, to 2.5 to less than 4 cm (1.6 in) long; receptacle about 3 cm (1.2 in) thick, bracteoles are linear-lanceolate, 3 to 8 cm (1.2 to 3.1 in) long; outer tepals lanceolate-linear to linear, acuminate (tapering to a point), being 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) long, 10 to 15 mm (0.39 to 0.59 in) wide and mucronate (ending in a short sharp point). Their colour is greenish-yellow or whitish, rarely rose-tinged; inner tepals are lanceolate (tapering to a point at the tip) to oblanceolate (i.e. more pointed at the base), up to 10 to 15 cm (3.9 to 5.9 in) long about 40 mm (1.6 in) wide at widest point, and mucronate, unbroken, sharp to acuminate (pointed), and white. Stamens 5 to 10 cm (2.0 to 3.9 in) long, are declinate, inserted in one continuous zone from throat to 35 mm (1.4 in) above the pericarpel and cream. The style (bearing the stigma) to 17, they are 5 to 24.5 cm (2.0 to 9.6 in) long, stout, 6 to 8 mm (0.24 to 0.31 in) thick, cream, and up to 26 stigma lobes, they can be whole or sometimes split at the top, cream, about 25 mm (0.98 in) long. Nectar chambers are 30 mm (1.2 in) long. Fruit is oblong to oval, 6 to 12 cm (2.4 to 4.7 in) long, 4 to 9 cm (1.6 to 3.5 in) thick, red with large bracteoles, with white, or more uncommonly, pink pulp and edible black seeds. (17)

Distribution
- Introduced.
- Probably from Mexico.
- Ornamental cultivation in tropical regions.

- Native to El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico. (9)

Constituents
- Flowers yielded thirteen compounds: kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), isorhamnetin (3), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-arabinfuranoside (4), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (6), isorhamnetin 3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (7), kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (8), quercetin 3-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (9), kaempferol 3-O-ß-D-rutinoside (10), isorhamnetin 3-O-ß-D-rutinoside (11), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (12), and isorhamnetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamopyranosyl-(1 --> 6)-ß-D-galactopyranoside (13). (6)
- Air-dried, powdered stems contain B-sitosterol.

- Phytochemical screening of white dragon fruit yielded triterpenoid, alkaloid, flavonoid, and saponin. (see study below) (11)
- Nutrient content per 100 g yields: Water 87 g, protein 1.1g, fat 0.4 g, carbohydrates 11.0 g,
fiber 3 g, vitamin B1 (thiamine) 0.04 mg, vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 0.05 mg, vitamin B3 (niacin) 0.16 mg, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 20.5 mg, calcium 8.5 mg, iron 1.9 mg, phosphorus 22.5 mg. (13)
- In proximate composition, mineral content and physiochemical property analysis of dragon fruit flower showed a high potassium content. One sample showed potassium 78.02 mg/g; with small amounts of sodium, 7.26 mg/g; calcium, 19.72 mg; magnesium, 11.87 mg; mg; iron, 0.02019 mg; copper,0.0153 mg; and zinc, 0.1404 mg/g. (15)

- Methanolic extract of seeds yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenols, oils, coumarins, terpenoids, and carbohydrates, with absence of amino acids, steroids, anthraquinone, and saponins. Aqueous extract of seeds yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenols, saponins, coumarins, carbohydrates, and proteins. (26)
- GC-MS analysis of peel extracts yielded main constituents of ß-amyrin (23.39%), y-sitosterol (19.32%), octadecane (9.25%), heptacosane (5.52%), campesterol (5.27%), nonacosane (5.02%), trichloracetic acid, hexadecyl ester (5.21%). (see study below) (27)
- Ethanolic extract of fruit yielded alkaloids, tannins, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and carbohydrates. (see study below) (29)
- Proximate composition study of seeds of H. undatus (g/100g) revealed protein 23.1, oil 27.5, ash 3.1, and carbohydrate 46.3. (32)
- Ethanol and water extracts of seeds yielded total phenolic content of 38.0 and 33.0 mg GAE/100 g; flavonoid 42.2 and 30.1 mg CAE/100g; DPPH 44.5% and 27.3%, FRAP 49.0 and 34.3 mg Trolox/100 g, respectively. (32)
- Fatty acid composition of seed oil (g/100g total fatty acid) yielded linoleic acid 53.8, oleic acid 23.3, palmitic acid 13.7, stearic acid   4.7, arachidic acid 1.2, beheic acid 1.2, palmitoleic acid 0.6 and myristic acid 0.2. (32)
- Methanol and ethanol extracts of fruit yielded phenols, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, proteins and amino acids, with absence of carbohydrates. (see study below) (33)

Properties
- Rich in vitamin C, phosphorus and calcium.
- Studies have shown wound healing, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative, antidiabetic, antilipase, hepatoprotective, cytotoxic, anticancer, antiparkinson, laxative properties.


Parts used
Fruit, stems, flowers, sap.

Uses
Edibility
- Fruit is edible; refreshing, slightly sweet, with a similarity to Kiwi fruit.
- Eaten raw, as fresh fruit.
- Used in fruit salads.
- Can be processed into various products such as: juices, sherbets, jam, syrup, ice cream, yogurt, jelly, candy and pastries.
- Flower buds can be used to make soup or mixed in salads; also, eaten as vegetable.
- Tea sometimes made from the flowers.
- Fruit peel used as food coloring and as thickener. Also, fermented as wine.
Folkloric
- No known medicinal folkloric use in the Philippines.
- Elsewhere, red fruit used to prevent colon cancer, for diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure.
- Sap of stems used as vermifuge, but said to be caustic and hazardous.
Others
Coloring: Red and pink pulp can be source of food coloring agent.

Studies
Wound Healing:
In streptozotocin diabetic rats, where wound healing is delayed, topical applications of H. undatus showed wound healing effects with increases in hydroxyproline, tensile strength, total proteins, DNA collagen content and better epithelization. (1)
Antioxidant / Decrease Aortic Stiffness / Fruit Pulp: Study evaluated the effect of an aqueous extract of the fruit pulp of H. undatus on aortic stiffness and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. Results showed DFE treatment it was effective in controlling oxidative damage and decreasing aortic stiffness as measured by PWV (pulse wave velocity). (3)
Betacyanins / Food Coloring: Study indicate an immense potential for development of natural food colorants from the fruit peel of Dragon fruit, with a longer shelf life than that of beet juice. (4)
Antioxidant / Flowers: Study evaluated the antioxidant activity and mechanisms of flower of Hylocereus undatus. The antioxidant activity seems attributable to total phenolics, mainly total flavonoids, with kaempferol as one of the main bioactive components. Antioxidant activity was effected through metal chelation and radical scavenging. (7)
Antibacterial / Peels: Study evaluated the antibacterial activity of various extracts of Hylocereus polyrhizus (red flesh pitaya) and Hylocereus undatus (while flesh pitaya) peels against pathogens. The chloroform extracts of peels exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity with inhibition of almost all pathogens. (8)
Antioxidant / Fruit: Study of white dragon fruit yielded triterpenoid, alkaloid, flavonoid, and saponin. The methanolic extract showed strong antioxidant activity. (11)
Cytotoxic Activity / Cervical Cancer: Study evaluated the antiproliferative activity of H. undatus extract on cervix cancer cell line HeLa (PVH-18). Results showed the capacity of Hylocereus undatus compounds to diminish cell cell survival of cervix cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (12)
Fruit Yogurt: Study showed dragon fruit can be effectively used for making set fruit yogurts. High sensory properties observed were 10% dragon fruit juice, 10% sugar and 0.8% gelatin. Developed product yielded 23.58% total solids, 9.64% solid non-fat, and 3.2% fat, with a 15-day storage under refrigeration conditions. (14)
Inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium / Fruit Extract: Study evaluated the inhibitory effect of Hylocereus undatus fruit extract against Salmonella typhimurium grown on Salmonella-Shigella agar. Findings showed inhibition of growth of Salmonella, with no inhibition of Shigella. (16)
• Attenuation of Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis / Juice: Study evaluated the influence of white pitaya juice (WPJ) on obesity-related metabolic disorders (e.g. insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis) in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Administration of WPJ improved insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and adipose hypertrophy, with no influence on body weight gain in mice. WPJ supplementation protected from diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, which was associated with improved FGF21 resistance and lipid metabolism. (18)
• Mechanism of Antioxidant Activity of Flowers: The antioxidant action of the flower is due mainly to the content of total flavonoids, among which kaempferol is a principal bioactive component. It exerts its antioxidant effects through metal chelation and radical scavenging via hydrogen atom and electron donation. (19)
• Antiparkinson / Laxative / Fruit: Study evaluated the antiparkinson's and constipation activity of Hylocereus undatus fruit extract in haloperidol induced parkinson's disease and loperamide induced constipation in mice. HU extract significantly (p<0.001) decreased the duration of catalepsy bar test and significantly (p<0.001) increased fall off time in Rota rod test, Hang test, Horizontal bar test and increase the count in Actophotometer test. Laxative effect was evidenced by an increase in the number of fecal matter, fecal weight, and decrease in water content. (20)
• Antioxidant / Seeds: Study evaluated the antioxidant activities of three different extracts (ethanolic, chloroformic, and hexanic) of red flesh pitaya seed using free radical scavenging assay, linoleic acid model system, and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method. The chloroformic extract gave highest inhibition using linoleic acid model system (98.90% at 100 µg/ml) and FTC (96.34%) method. Total phenol and ascorbic acid contents of the seed were 13.56 ± 2.04 and 0.36 ± 0,01 mg/gm, respectively, with catechin as the major flavonoid detected. (21)
• Cosmetic Application / Fruit: The invention relates to H. undatus fruit extract and its use as light activated fluorescent colorant in cosmetic compositions. When applied to the skin, the extract reduces perception of skin imperfections. The invention is based on the unexpected blue light emission of the fruit extract under sun and/or UV light, which is highly advantageous in cosmetics. (22)
• Growth Inhibition / Proapoptotic Effects / Human Breast Cancer Cell Line: Study evaluated the antioxidant potential and effect of pitaya extract (PE) on breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-435). The PE showed high antioxidant activity and high anthocyanin values. There was selective decrease of cell proliferation in MCF-7 (ER+) cell line, an increase in G0/G1 phase followed by decrease in G2/M phase. PE induced apoptosis in MCF-7 (Er+) and suppressed BRCA1, BRCA2, and Erα gene expression. Overall, results suggest pitaya may play a protective effect against breast cancer. (23)
• Facial Cream / Antioxidants / Fruit: Dragon fruit contains several types of antioxidants (betalains, hydroxycinnamates, flavonoids) which protect cells from free radicals, which are linked to chronic disease and aging. The fruit is rich in albumins and vitamin C. Study suggests regular use of prepared dragon fruit cream on the face may slow down the ageing process and may also treat acne and sunburn. (24)
• Purified Betacyanins / Amelioration of Obesity and Insulin Resistance / Peel: Study isolated betacyanins from white-fleshed pitaya peel and evaluated their ability to ameliorate obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The pitaya peel yielded 14 kinds of betacyanins. The betacyanins and dietary PPBNs reduced HFD-induced body weight gain and ameliorated adipose tissue hypertrophy, hypersteatosis, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. The protective effect of PPBNs may be associated with induced fatty acid oxidation, decrease fatty acid biosynthesis, and alleviated FGF21 resistance. (25)
• Hepatoprotective / Paracetamol Toxicity / Fruit: Study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with red pitaya fruit (Buah naga) in albino rats with liver damage induced by paracetamol. Consumption of Buah naga supplemented diet results in weight gain as well as changes in ALT and AST towards normalcy, along with improvement in hematological parameters and regeneration of hepatic necrotics effects. (26)
• Antioxidant / Cytotoxic / Peel: Study of Hylocerus polyrhizus and H. undatus peels showed radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 0.83 and 0.91 mg/ml, respectively. The extracts showed good cytotoxic activities against PC3, Bcap-37, and MGC-803 cells with IC50 ranging from 0.61 to 0.73 mg/mL. (see constituents above) (27)
• Reversal of Testicular Dysfunction / Fruit: Study evaluated white pitaya fruit (Hylocereus undatus) for antioxidant, anti-aging activities and as remedy for sexual function disorders and fertility in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Pitaya fruit extract effectively enhanced androgen concentration, increased spermatozoa count, sperm viability, sperm motility, and spermatid counts. Results suggest white pitaya fruit extract effectively increased the synthesis of testosterone, and can be used as an enhancer of sexual activity and fertility in male. (28)
• Antidiabetic / Fruit: Diabetic mice administered an ethanolic crude extract of fruit showed significant reduction of blood glucose levels, which was attributed to increased insulin secretion from pancreatic cell regeneration. (29)
• Hepatoprotective / CCl4-Toxicity / Fruit: Study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of H. undatus ethanolic fruit extract in CCl4-induced toxicity in a rodent model. The extract significantly restored the pathological state of some biological markers viz., SGOT, SGPT, ALP, creatinine, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride levels, and restored levels of γ-GT, MDA, LDH, SOD and CAT. (30)
• Wound Healing / Antioxidant / Fruit: Study evaluated H. undatus fruit extract for antioxidant and wound healing properties in wound incision model in mice. Antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacteria viz., E. coli, Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus epidermis, S. aureus, and fungi C. albicans showed zones of inhibition in the range of 7-11 mm. A cream formulation showed higher wound healing activity than the extract alone. Results also showed good antioxidant activity by DPPH method. (31)
• Antidiabetic / Antilipase / Antioxidant / Fruit Juice: Study evaluated H. undatus juice extract for phytoconstituents, invitro antioxidant activity by DPPH assay, antidiabetic by α-amylase inhibition activity, and antilipase activity using Rhodamine agar plate assay. Qualitative tests revealed presence of phenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, saponin, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and carotenoids with different solvent extracts. Results showed significant dose dependent antioxidant activity, and concentration dependent antidiabetic and antilipase activities. (33)
• Effect on Glycemic Control in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes / Review and Meta-Analysis: Review and metanalysis systematically evaluated the effect of dragon fruit on glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes from 401 studies identified from literature search. In prediabetes, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) reduction was significant with MD (mean difference) of -15.1 mg/dL (P-value=0.0006).  In type 2 diabetes, meta-analysis showed no effect of dragon fruit on FPG. While the effect in T2DM was not significant, there was a trend towards greater blood glucose reduction with higher dose was observed. Larger, adequate-power, well controlled clinical trials were suggested. (34)
• Antidiabetic / Metformin / Fruit Extract: Alloxan-induced diabetic mice were treated with an ethanolic extract of S. undatus (45 and 75 mg/kbw). Results showed significant reduction of blood glucose levels. compared to control. Diabetic mice with lower levels of protein in liver and kidneys showed dramatic increase of levels close to normal when S. undatus ethanolic fruit extract was given with to standard medication metformin. (35)

Availability
- Ornamental cultivation.
- Commercial fruit crop.
- Plants, seeds, and extracts in the cybermarket.


Updated August 2023 / September 2018 / February 2016

PHOTOS / ILLUSTRATIONS
Photos © Godofredo Stuart / StuartXchange

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Wound healing properties of Hylocereus undatus on diabetic rats / R. M. Perez G, Vargas SR, Ortiz H YD / Phytotherapy Research, Aug 2005; Volume 19, Issue 8: pp 665 - 668 /
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1724
(2)
Hylocereus undatus/ Dragon Fruit / H P M Gunasena, DKNG Pushpakumara et al /
(3)
Effect of dragon fruit extract on oxidative stress and aortic stiffness in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats / Kolla R L Anand Swarup et al / Pharmacognosy Research, 2010; Vol 2, Issue 1: pp 31-35 / doi:  10.4103/0974-8490.60582 / PMID: 21808536
(4)
BETACYANINS FROM HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS AS NATURAL FOOD COLORANTS / Lim Tze Han / Thesis / Master of Science / 2004
(5)
Strawberry Pear / Hylocereus undatus / Morton, J. 1987. Strawberry Pear. p. 347–348.
(6)
Studies on the flavonoids from the flowers of Hylocereus undatus / Yi Y, Wu X, Wang Y, Ye WC, Zhang QW. / Zhong Yao Cai. 2011 May;34(5):712-6.
(7)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM IN FLOWER OF HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS (HAW.) BRITT. ET ROSE / XICAN LI*, YAOXIANG GAO, WEIJUAN HAN, JING LIN, QIUPING HU, AND DONGFENG CHEN* / ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 55/1: 80–85, 2013 / DOI: 10.2478/abcsb-2013-00014
(8)
Antibacterial property of Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus peel extracts / Nurmahani, M.M., *Osman, A., Abdul Hamid, A., Mohamad Ghazali, F. and Pak Dek, M.S. / International Food Research Journal 19(1): 77-84 (2012)
(9)
Selenicereus undatus / Synonyms / KEW: Plants of the World Online
(10)
Sorting Hylocereus names / /Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE / Copyright © 1995 - 2020 / A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia.
(11)
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANALYSIS POLYPHENOLIC ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF WHITE DRAGON FRUIT (Hylocereus undatus) / VH, Elfi Susanti; Utomo, Suryadi Budi; Syukri, Yandi; Redjeki, Tri / Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy / Majalah Farmasi Indonesia; Mar 2012, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p60
(12)
In vivo and in vitro cytotoxic activity of Hylocereus undatus fruit extract in cancer cells / Tannia Uribe Calvillo, Alejandro Soriano, Arnoldo Michel Rosales, Manuel Jimenez Estrada, Elpidio Peña Beltrán and Iván Delgado Enciso / The FASEB Journal. 2013; 27:1167.4
(13)
Dragon Fruit: Nutritional Value, Health Benefits and Calorie Count / Health Food Org.
(14)
PRODUCTION OF A NOVEL FRUIT-YOGHURT USING DRAGON FRUIT (HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS L.) / Oshadi Jayasinghe, B.Sc., Sumali Fernando, B.Sc., Vijith Jayamanne, PhD, Deepika Hettiarachchi, M.Sc. / European Scientific Journal January 2015 edition vol.11, No.3
(15)
Proximate composition, mineral analysis and physicochemical properties of dragon fruit (Hylocereus Undatus)'s flower / Ong , Meng Ooi (2007) Proximate composition, mineral analysis and physicochemical properties of dragon fruit (Hylocereus Undatus)'s flower. Universiti Malaysia Sabah. (Unpublished) / T Technology, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, School of Food Science and Nutrition
(16)
Inhibitory effect of hylocereus undatus (red dragon fruit) extract on salmonella typhimurium in salmonella-shigella agar. / N. Ranon Jr. / Fatima University Research Journal, 2008-2009, Isuue 4, pp 59-61
(17)
Selenicereus undatus / Wikipedia
(18)
White Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus) Juice Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Steatosis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice / Haizhao Song, Zihuan Zheng, Jianan Wu, Jia Lai, Qiang Chu, Xiadong Zheng / PLPS/one / https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149670

(19)
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND MECHANISM IN FLOWER OF HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS (HAW.) BRITT. ET ROSE / XICAN LI, YAOXIANG GAO, WEIJUAN HAN, JING LIN, QIUPING HU, AND DONGFENG CHEN / ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA, Series Botanica, 2013; 55(1): pp 80–85 / DOI: 10.2478/abcsb-2013-00014
(20)
Phytochemical Evaluation and Pharmacological Screening of Antiparkinson’s and Laxative Activities Of Hylocereus Undatus (White Pitaya) In Rodents / P. Kanchana, S.K.S.V.Devi, P.Pushpa latha, N.Spurthi / IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, Arpil 2018; Vol 8, Issue 4, Version 1: pp 78-92
(21)
Antioxidant Activity of Different Extracts of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Seed / Liana Adnan, Azizah Osman, and Azizah Abdul Hamid / International Journal of Food Properties, 2011; Vol 14, Issue 8 / https://doi.org/10.1080/10942911003592787
(22)
Use of hylocereus undatus fruit extract as fluorescent colorant of skin  / Inventor: Oppen-Bezalel Liki Von, Fabien Havas, Eyal Kalo, Olga Ben-Chitrit, Inon Perry / Google Patents / EP3270942A1
(23)
Pitaya Extracts Induce Growth Inhibition and Proapoptotic Effects on Human Cell Lines of Breast Cancer via Downregulation of Estrogen Receptor Gene Expression / Deborah de Almeida Bauer Guimmaraes, Danielle dos Santos Bonfim de Castro, Felipe Leite de Oliveira, Eduardo Matos Nogueira, Marco Antonio Mota da Silva, and Anderson Junger Teodoro / Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol 2017, Article ID 7865073 / https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7865073
(24)
Herbal facial cream from dragon fruit / Pallavi A Ghodke, Navdha N Soni, Darshil B Shah, Dilip G Maheshwari / International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nov 2017; Volume 2, Issue 6: pp 98-100
(25)
Purified Betacyanins from Hylocereus undatus Peel Ameliorate Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice / Haizhao Song, Qiang Chu, Dongdong Xu, Yang Xu, and Xiadong Zheng / J. Agric. Food Chem., 2016; 64 (1): pp 236–244 / DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05177
(26)
Clinical Study of Preventive Potentials of Consumption of Buah naga [Cactaceae] Against Paracetamol– Induced Hepatotoxicity as well as the Other Associated Biological Effects / Dr. Ahmad Zubaidi Bin A. Latif, Dr. Mainul Haque, C. Shanmugasundaram,  Dr. U.S. Mahadeva Rao / Asian Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jan-Mar 2012; 2(1): pp 16-23
(27)
Chemical composition and in vitroevaluation of the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of pitaya (dragon fruit) peel / Hui Luo, Yongqiang Cai, Zhijun Peng, Tao Liu / Chemistry Central Journal, Dec 2014; 8:1
(28)
Testicular Dysfunction in Male Rats Reversed by Ethanolic Extract of Pitaya Fruit / Mohammad Kanedi, Sutyarso, Siti Nurjanah, Lilik Koernia Wahidah / Journal of Diseases and Medicinal Plants, 2016; 2(4): pp 51-55 / doi: 10.11648/j.jdmp.20160204.12
(29)
Antidiabetic Activity of Selenicereus Undatus (Haw). Fruit Extract Against Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice
/ P Sonu, M Kishore, S Jithender Kumar Naik, N Sandhya, Anusha C Pawar, S Rajeswari, B Nagesh / International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2022; 14(1) / DOI 10.31838/ijpr/2022.14.01.005 /  ISSN: 0975-2366
(30)
An Evaluation of Potential Hepato–Protective Properties of Hylocereus Undatus Fruit in Experimental Rat Model  / Marufa Islam, Furhatun Noor, Abdullah Hil Baky Rupak et al /  BIOMEDICAL: Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 2022  / DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.43.006876 / ISSN: 2574-1241
(31)
PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY OF HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS AND STUDY OF TOXICITY AND THE ABILITY OF WOUND TREATMENT / Montadher Ali Mahdi, Mustafa Taha Mohammed, Abdulkadir Mohammed Noori Jassim, Awatif I Mhammed / Plant Archives, 2018; 18(2): pp 2672-2680 / eISSN: 2581-6063 / pISSN: 0972-5210
(32)
Determination of pitaya seeds as a natural antioxidant and source of essential fatty acids  / TC Chemah, A Aminah, A Noriham, WM Wan Aida / International Food Research, 2010; 17: pp 1003-1010
(33)
EVALUATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS (WHITE DRAGON FRUIT) / K. SUDHA, D. BASKARAN, D. RAMASAMY & M. SIDDHARTH / International Journal of Agricultural Science and Research, 2017; 7(5): pp 451-456 / pISSN: 2250-0057 / eISSN: 2321-0087
(34)
Effect of dragon fruit on glycemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Nalinee Poolsup, Naeti Suksomboon, Naw Juna Paw / PLoS ONE, 2017; 12(9):e0184577 / DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184577
(35)
Antidiabetic Activity of Selenicereus Undatus (Haw). Fruit Extract Against Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice  / P Sonu, M Kishore, N Sandhya, S Jithender Kumar Naik, Anusha C Pawar, S Rajeswari, B Nagesh /  International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2022; 14(1) / DOI: 10.31838/ijpr/2022.14.01.005 / ISSN: 0975-2366

DOI: It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. Copying and pasting the information on the search window or using the DOI (if available) will often redirect to the new link page. (Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier)

                                                            List of Understudied Philippine Medicinal Plants

HOME      •      SEARCH      •      EMAIL    •     ABOUT