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Family Verbenaceae
Kantutay
Lantana
Lantana camara

STINK GRASS
Ma-ying Tan

Scientific names Common names
Camara x aculeata f. crocea (Jacq.) Kuntze Bahug-bahug (P. Bis.)
Camara vulgaris Benth Baho-baho (P. Bis.)
Lantana annua C.B.Clarke                           [Invalid] Bangbangsit (Ilk.)
Lantana antillana Raf. Diris (Tag.)
Lantana asperata Vis Koronitas (Tag.) 
Lantana camara Linn. Kantutay (Tag.)
Lantana crocea Jacq. Lantana (Tag., Engl.)
Lantana glandulosissima Hayek Cherry pie (Eng.)
Lantana mixta Medik. Ham and Eggs (Engl.)
Lantana montziana f. parvifolia Moldenke Spanish flag (Engl.)
Lantana sanguinea Medik. Stink grass (Engl.)
Lantana spinosa L. ex Le Cointe West Indian lantana (Engl.)
Lantana undulata Raf. Wild sage (Engl.)
Lantana urticofolia Mill.  
Lantana vibumoides Blanco                   [Illegitimate]  
   
Lantana camara L. is an accepted name The Plant List
Other vernacular names
CHINESE: Ma-ying Tan.
INDONESIA: Kembang telek, Tembelekan, Saliara.
MALAYSIA: Bunga pagar, Bunga tahi ayam, Jebat harimau.
SPANISH: Coronitas, Cinco negritosm
THAILAND: Kaam kung, Khee kae, Yeesyun.
VIETNAM: C[aa]y tr[aa]m [oor]i, C[aa]y b[oo]ng [oor]i, C[aa]y t[uws] qu[is].

Gen info
• There are 40 species of the genus Lantana.
• Some are extremely unpleasant and toxic to livestock, as is L. camara.
• In some countries, considered an invasive weed, earning the name, "Jekyll and Hyde of plants." It releases chemicals in its surroundings, preventing germination of the native flora. It is wont to form dense thickets, spreads very quickly, with one plant producing as many as 12,000 seeds a year.

• In India, it has invaded 13.2 million hectares of pasture lands besides forest and fallow land. It dose not invade intact forests, but encroaches where intact forests have been disturbed by logging or fires creating gaps. (51)
• Butterflies are the most frequent pollinators of Lantana camara, as they constitute 62% of total visitors. Flowers are adapted to butterfly pollination (psychophilous flowers), open throughout the day, with shorter tubes or spurs that provide a landing platform for the butterflies. Much less frequent pollinators are bees, wasps, moths, and other insect groups. (51)
• Fruit dispersal is mainly through fruigivorous birds, often the Mynah bird; and also by . goats, sheep, cattle, monkeys, fox, and rodents.
• The common name "Ham and Eggs"" refers to the adjacent pink and yellow inflorescences.

Botany
·
Lantana is a gregarious, erect or half-climbing, somewhat hairy aromatic shrub; when erect, usually 1 to 2 meters high and when scandent, twice as high. Branches four-sided with recurved prickles. Leaves are elliptic, 5 to 9 centimeters long,3 inches long, pointed at the tip and rounded at the base and toothed in the margins. Flowers are pink, orange, yellow, white, lilac and other shades, according to the variety and borne in stalked heads which are 2 to 3.5 centimeters in diameter. Calyx small. Corolla-tube is slender; the limb spreading, 6 to 7 millimeters wide, and divided into unequal lobes. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs. Ovary is 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Fruit is drupaceous, sweet tasting, purple or black, fleshy ovoid, and about 5 millimeters long.

Distribution
- A gregarious weed in the Philippines, in settled areas in thickets and waste places at low and medium altitudes.
- Certain varieties are cultivated as a trimmed hedge either alone or with other shrubs.

- Native of tropical America.
- Now pantropic in distribution.

Constituents
· Leaves yield a volatile oil, 0.22%, called Lantanol, together with 80% caryophyllene-like bicyclic terpene, and 10-12 % of l-d-phellandrene.
· Dried flowers yield volatile oil, 0.07%.
· Bark: Lantanine, 0.08%.

· U.S.A. dispensatory reports an allied species, Lantana brasiliensis, containing a quinine-like alkaloid, lantanine, with an antispasmodic effect.
· Toxicity is due to presence of toxic triterpenoids - the lantadenes (lantadene A, B, C, D and icterogenin.)
·
Leaves contain a steroid, lancamarone, which is a fish poison and considered a cardiotonic.
· Bark of stems and roots contain a quinine-like alkaloid, lantanin, which is antipyretic and antispasmodic.·

· Roots are rich in oleanolic acid, a hepatoprotective triterpenoid.

· Phytochemical analysis detected common secondary metabolites–alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids and other minor compounds such as phytosterols, saponins, tannins, phycobatannin and steroids (no steroids in the yellow and lavender leaf extracts).
· Phytochemical screening of various extracts of L. aculeata roots yielded triterpenoids, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, anthraquinone, and tannins. (19)
· Study of leaves for essential oil yielded chemical compo 30 constituents, mostly mono and sesquiterpenes were identified. Dominant representative constituents were: germacrene D (24.90%), farnesene derivatives (22%) and (E)-cariophylene (14.31%). (see study below) (26)
· Leaves yielded six compounds viz. oleanonic acid (I), lantadene A (2), lantadene B (3), lantanilic acid (4), icterogenin (5) and 4',5-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyflavone-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), and a new compound, camaroside (7). (27)
· Analysis of essential oil of leaves yielded 45 peaks. The major constituents were caryophyllene (16.37%), eucalyptol (10.75%), α-humelene (8.22%) and germacrene (7.41%), contributing 42.75 per cent of the total constituents. (see study below) (31)
· Analysis of methanolic extract of roots revealed ß-caryophyllene (21.22%), limonene (13.27%) isocaryophyllene (12.73%), oleanolic acid (9.98%) γ-terpinene (8.38%) and α- humulene (8.17%) as the main components. (see study below) (34)
· Analysis of ethanolic root extracts yielded six oligosaccharides (I-VI) and six iridoid glucosides (VII-XII) identified as: stachyose (I), verbascose (II), ajugose (III), verbascotetracose (IV), alpha-D-galac-(1-[-6)-alpha-D-galac(-1](3)-6-D-gluc(V ) , alpha-D-galac-(1-6)-alpha-D-galac(-1]-(4)6-D-)gluc(VI) , theveside (VII), 8-epiloganin (VIII), shanzhsid methyl ester (IX), theviridoside (X), lamiridoside (XI) and geniposide (XII). (40)
· Various leaf extracts yielded alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, phytosterols, phenols, proteins and amino acids, saponins and tannins. (see study below) (47)

Properties
·
Root: sweet and bitter tasting, refrigerant, antifebrile.
·
Leaves: aromatic, minty tasting, cooling natured, antiphlogistic, anti-dermatoses.
· Flowers: sweet tasting, mildly cooling, hemostatic.
· Lantinine considered antipyretic and a good substitute for quinine.
· Alkaloid fraction believed to lower blood pressure, increase respiratory rate, and inhibit uterine motility in rats.
·
Plant considered antiseptic, antispasmodic, vulnerary, diaphoretic and carminative.
· Phytochemical analysis detected common secondary metabolites–alkaloids, phenolics, terpenoids and other minor compounds such as phytosterols, saponins, tannins, phycobatannin and steroids (no steroids in the yellow and lavender leaf extracts).

· Studies have suggested antimotility, thrombin inhibition, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, antihyperlipidemic,

Parts utilized
· Leaves, bark, roots, flowering tops.
· May be collected throughout the year.
· Sun-dry.

Uses
Edibility
· Fruit is eaten in Malay and Sierra Leone.
· Fruit used as flavoring.
· In some parts of India, leaves used as tea substitute.
Folkloric
· In the Philippines, decoction of fresh roots used as gargle for toothaches, and a decoction of the leaves and fruits to clean wounds.
· Decoction or syrup of roots (in sugared water) used for asthma.
· In Sinaloa, plant used for snake bites. Strong decoction of leaves taken internally and poultice of wounds applied to the wound.
· Influenza, cough, mumps, incessant high fever, malaria, cervical lymph node tuberculosis: use 30 to 60 gms dried roots or 60 to 120 gms fresh roots in decoction.
· Fever: Take decoction of bark or infusion of leaves and flowering tops as tea.
· Hemoptysis, pulmonary tuberculosis: use 6 to 9 gms dried flowers in decoction.
· Dermatitis, eczema, pruritus: use fresh stems and leaves.
· Rheumatism - Spread oil on leaves, warm over low flame and apply on affected part.
· Sprains, wounds, contusions: Use pounded fresh leaves applied as poultice.
· Leaf oil used for pruritic skin conditions and antiseptic for wounds.
· Decoction of plant used for tetanus, rheumatism, malaria.
· Decoction of fresh leaves used as gargle for toothaches.
· In Java, leaves applied to swellings; also used as lotion or fomentation for rheumatism.
· Decoction of leaves used internally as emetic.
· In West Africa, an aromatic infusion of the leaves and flowering tops, sometimes mixed with Ocimum, is used as febrifuge and diaphoretic.
· In Uganda, used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis.
· In Costa Rica, leaf infusion used as stimulant.
· Infusion of leaves used for bilious fevers and catarrhal affections.
· Lotions used externally for eczematous eruptions.
· Infusion of flowers used as pectoral for children.
· Tincture of bark used as tonic.
· Pounded leaves used as antiseptic for cuts, ulcers and swelling.
· Decoction of leaves and fruits used for wounds.
Others
· Toothbrushes: In Taiping, toothbrushes are made from the stems.
· Repellent: Leaf smoke found to have mosquito repellent activity. (46)
· Mulching: Provides the ground with a fine leaf mulch that improves fertility of rocky, grave, or hard laterite soils, and helps retain humus in deforested areas and prevents soil erosion. (51)
· Phytoremediation / Mercury Management: It accumulates mercury from the soil and transport it to the shoots and after reduction releases the mercury to the atmosphere. (51)
· Agroforestry:
Used as boundary, barrier, or support, for erosion control and dune stabilization.
(53)
· Fodder: Used as animal feed.

Studies

Antimotility / Leaves:
Evaluation of antimotility effect of Lantana camara L. var. acuelata constituents on neostigmine induced gastrointestinal transit in mice: Methanolic extract of L camara showed remarkable antimotility effect from an anticholinergic effect and suggests a potential utility in secretory and functional diarrheas. (2)
Thrombin Inhibition: Translactone-containing triterpenes show thrombin inhibitory activity.
Antiinflammatory / Antimicrobial: Pentacyclic triterpenoids are being studied for anti-cancer, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activities.
Anti-hyperlipidemic / Anti-tumor: Oleanolic and ursolic acids from the stems, roots and leaves have application for human liver disorders, also as antihyperlipidemic and anti-tumor.
Wound Healing / Antimicrobial:
In an investigation of wound healing activity of Lantana camara L. in Sprague dawley rats using a burn wound model, results showed antimicrobial activity but not wound healing activity on burn wound in rats. (5) In a pre-clinical study evaluating the wound healing activity of Lantana camara L. results showed LC is effective in healing excision wounds in the experimental animal and suggests further evaluation as a therapeutic agent in tissue repair processes associated with injuries. (6) Study showed Lantana camara leaf extract has antimicrobial activity by not wound healing promoting activity on burn wound. (34)
Cytotoxicity / Leaves: In a study for cytotoxic activity of Lantana camara Linn. results showed the leaf extract of LC is cytotoxic in nature and may possess antitumor activity that may be due to the presence of toxic lantanoids and alkaloids. (7)
Phytochemical / Termiticidal: 5% chloroform extract of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves showed termiticidal effects against adult termite workers. (8)
Biochemical Compositions/ Antibacterial Activity: Study of the leaves and flowers of four Lantana camara plants with yellow, red, lavender and white flowers showed three of the four to have similar carbohydrates and lipid compositions. The carbohydrate levels were higher in the flowers than the leaves, and the lipids higher in the leaves except for the lavender- and white-flowered kinds. The carbohydrates in lavender L camara was very low. Leaf protein electrophoresis also showed similarities and differences. Antibacterial activities varied according to the type of tissue used. (9)
Mosquito Larvicidal Activity / Phytol: Phytochemical screening of leaves and flowers yielded saponin, terpenoids, flavonoids and cardiac glycosides. Phytol, a diterpene, is present in higher concentration in the methanol leaf extract of Lantana camara. The larvicidal activity noted was attributed to the phytochemicals and results suggests the shrub may have a potential in the control of vector borne diseases. (10)
Antimicrobial / Comparative Study on Various Plant Parts: Study on extracts of root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit of L. camara on a panel of organisms that included 10 bacterial and 5 fungi showed the leaf extract to have the highest antibiotic effect among all parts especially against Gram positive Bacillus cereus and Gram negative Salmonella typhi. Results support the use of the leaf extract in some infectious gastroenteritic disorders. (11)
Anti-Hyperglycemic Activity: Oral administration of a methanol extract of Lantana camara leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed significant dose-dependent reduction of blood glucose concentration.
(12)
In vivo Toxicity Study: Study investigated the toxicity of methanol extract of various parts (root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit) in Artemia salina. Results showed all tested extracts exhibited very low toxicity in brine shrimp larva. The root extract was the most toxic part of the plant and may have a potential as an anticancer agent. Study concludes L. camara is relatively safe on short-term exposure. (14)
Oil / Antibacterial / Wound Healing: Study showed L. camara leaves oil have sufficient antibacterial activity on human pathogenic strains, and also wound healing properties. (15)
Antimotility: Study of methanolic extract of Lantana camara against neostigmine as promotility agent showed an anticholinergic effect due to Lc constituents. Results suggests a utility in secretory and functional diarrhea and other GI disorders. Further study showed significant inhibition of castor-oil induced diarrhea in mice. (16)
Insecticidal / Anti-Cockroach: Study evaluated
an extract of flowers and leaves for insecticidal activity against cockroach (Periplaneta Americana). Baygon™ was used a control. Results showed an insecticidal effect, with the pure extract of flowers and leaves causing cockroach death. No significant difference was noted between the leaves/flowers and the commercial insecticide. (17)
Anti-Mycobacterial / Roots: Study evaluated chloroform and methanol extracts of L. camara against three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including Rifampicin-resistant strain. The methanol extract showed the highest activity against all three strains tested. Results suggest L. camara contains principles active against M. tuberculosis. (21)
Antihelmintic / Leaves: Study evaluated various extracts of leaves, stems and roots for anthelmintic activity against Pheretima posthuma. Results showed the methanolic extract of stems to be most active. (Jitendra patel, 2011) (22)
Antispasmodic / Leaves: Study evaluated the antispasmodic effects of Lantana camara leaf constituents on isolated rat ileum, with atropine as standard anti-spasmodic agent. Results showed the methanolic extract of leaves to have promising antispasmodic action on excised rat ileum. (23)
Cytotoxicity / Toxicity: Study evaluated the toxicity of Lantana camara methanol extract on adult mice and cytotoxicity test on Vero cell line. Results of both tests confirm L. camara shows a pro toxic effect.      (24)
Antiulcerogenic / Leaves: Study evaluated a methanol extract of leaves on aspirin, ethanol, and acid restraint stress induced gastric lesions in rats. Pretreatment showed gastroprotective effects on the ulcer models. (25)
Anti-Leishmaniasis / Essential Oil of Leaves: Study showed the essential oil of leaves exhibited significant leishmanicidal against L. amazonensis and a potential toxic effect on Brine shrimp and macrophage assays. (see constituents above) (26)
Antimicrobial / Leaves: Phytochemical analysis of leaves yielded alkaloid, volatile oil, tannins, sugars and saponin glycosides. A petroleum ether extract showed excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and S. faecalis. PE and ME showed good and significant antifungal activity against Malassesia furfur, although not comparable with standard drug fluconazole.       (28)
Adulticidal to Mosquitoes / Essential Oil of Leaves: Study evaluated the essential oil isolated from leaves for insecticidal activity against mosquitoes. Results showed adulticidal activity against different mosquito species viz. Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, An. culicifacies, An. fluvialitis, and An. stephensi. Findings suggest a potential for an oil-based insecticide as supplementary to synthetic insecticides. (see constituents above) (31)
Phenol Adsorbent: Study evaluated the potential of L. camara, a forest waste, as an adsorbent for phenol reduction in wastewater. The adsorption process is feasible, spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Results enhanced the credibility of the forest waste as one of the most suitable precursors for adsorbent preparation for pollutant removal. (33)
Antioxidant / Antibacterial: Study evaluated the antioxidant potential of various extracts of roots of L. camara. The methanol extract showed the most effective antioxidant activity. Total phenolic content of roots showed 39.32 µg pyrocathechol of phenols. (see constituents above) (35) Study
Gold Nanoparticles / Catalytic Activity: Study reports on the Lantana camara leaf mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The method is simple, cost-effective and non-toxic in nature. The synthesized AuNPs were utilized as catalyst for the sodium borohydride reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol. (37)
Toxicological Studies on Leaf Extract: Study evaluated the a methanol leaf extract for toxicity. On acute toxicity test of extracts on mice, there was no toxicity up to 5000 mg/kbw. Study showed a level of toxicity at chronic stage (beyond two weeks of extract administration). Results seriously caution extended use of the medicinal plant to avoid hepatic and renal biochemical distortion. (38)
Antibacterial: Study evaluated the antagonistic effect of water and organic solvents of L. camara extracts against 15 pathogenic strains of bacteria. Bacterial strains whose growth were inhibited by water solvent could not be inhibited by organic solvent extracts. Both solvent extracts showed high antibacterial effect towards Staph aureus, Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (39)
Repellent / Antifeedant / Anti-Termite / Leaf Extract: Study investigated a chloroform extract of dry leaves against eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes. Results showed excellent repellent and moderate toxic and antifeedant activities. (42)
Hypoglycemic / Wound Healing / Toxicity: Study investigated the antihyperglycemic and wound healing activity of leaf extracts of Lantana camara on rats. An aqueous extract showed significant reduction of blood glucose. In wound healing studies, the leaf juice was found to be more active than the extract. However, study cautions on the use of the plant for diabetes until the alarming toxic principles of the plant are properly identified. (43)
Decreased Defecation Frequency / Leaves: Study showed that kantutay leaves (Lantana camara) crude extract was effective in reducing the defecation frequency of male white mice. Results was attributed to an antimotility component in the extract. (44)
• Reproductive Effects: Study reports on the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of L. camara var. aculeata leaves on fertility, general reproductive performance and teratology in rats. Results showed the extract interfered in frequency of fetal skeleton anomalies from extract treated dams and induced embryotoxicity as evidenced by post-implantation loss, without signs of maternal toxicity. (45)
• Phytochemistry of Mosquito Repellent Leaves: The plant leaves have been found to have mosquito repellent activity. Phytoanalysis showed the methanol extract to contain tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids. The aqua extract yielded only flavonoids while the acetone extract yielded only alkaloids. (46)
• Antifungal / Leaves: Study evaluated the in vitro antifungal activities of various solvents of leaf extract of L. camara. Poisoned food technique to used to perform the antifungal activity. The methanol leaf extract showed better activity than other leaf extracts and showed broad antifungal activity against both test fungi viz. Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. (47)
• Herbal Gel Formulation / Leaves: Study evaluated an herbal gel formulation of Lantana camara leaf extract using Carbapol 940, leaf extract, propylene glycol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben and distilled water qs. The herbal formulation with 2.5% extract showed better better stability. The gel was non-irritant on skin application. (48)
Effect of Canopies on Invasiveness / An 18-Year Follow-Up Study: Lantanacamara is primarily a bird-dispersed invasive plant species. Study evaluated the distribution of Lanta in a highly grazed communal area and an adjacent conserved area. R&T (Rodger and Twine) found Lantana was more common in the communal area than in the conserved area. Glyphosate herbicide was sprayed to to suppress Lantana from 2016 to 2019 in the conserved area only. Bird-dispersal hypothesis was examined by surveying subcanopy and intercanopy environments. There was more Lantana in the subcanopy area, and virtually none in the communal area. More concerning was the resprouting of Lantana despite the herbicide application. Aerial survey showed increase in woody cover, which may exacerbate the problem with the invasive plant. Study concludes it is not communal grazing per se that causes encroachment of Lantana, and has more to do with the woody cover of native plants. (50)
• CuO Nanoparticles / Leaves: Study reports on the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles by sol-gel method using L. camara leaf extract. CuO nanoparticle is used to to effectively react to solar light. In biological synthesis using L camara leaf extract, there enhancement in electron transition. (52)
• Threatened Species / Mechanisms: Review reports the many threatened species in Hawaii and the various mechanisms involved, namely: competition (smothering, monopolization of resources), allelopathy, alteration of food web, ecosystem change and habitat alteration, (53)

Toxicity concerns
• Considered on of the 10 most noxious weeds in the world; a major cause of livestock mortality and morbidity. (45)
• In Himachal Pradesh, L. camara variety aculeata (red flower variety) has been responsible for livestock poisoning.
• Most of the livestock poisoning occur on grazing after prolonged stall feeding and during fodder scarcity or draught periods.
• Toxicity: Toxic chemical constituents are toxic terpenoids: lantadene A, B, C and D, and icterogenin. Lantadene A,B and C constitute nearly 69% of total terpenoids. Triterpenoids are most rapidly absorbed from the small intestine, but slow absorption from and stasis in the rumen causes slow and continuous exposure of the liver that lasts for days.

• Ingestion of lantana foliage causes decreased luminal motility that may progress to ruminal atony and cause constipation and impaction as the animals become anorectic and unable to defecate.
• Sometimes, the afflicted animals present with photosensitization with swollen ears and eyelids.
Ingestion of Berries by Children / No Significant Toxicity: Study reviewed the California Poison Control System database on 641 reported pediatric cases of ingestion of L. camara berries from 1997-2008. Reported effects were vomiting, abdominal pain, agitation, diarrhea, buccal irritation, tachycardia, drowsiness, nausea and mydriasis. No significant effects and no deaths were recorded. Report concludes the ingestion of L. camara (including unripe berries) was not associated with significant toxicity. The ingestion of unripe berries did not exhibit more frequent or more severe symptoms than ingestion of ripe berries or other plant parts. Children with asymptomatic ingestions or mild symptoms can be treated at home. (32)
* Accidental Poisoning of Ostriches that Fed on L. camara Hay: Letter reports an unusual case of poisoning from ingestion of L. camara by a flock of 14-month old ostriches. The report cautions farmers to prevent the encroachment of the plant onto pasture land where grass is cut and collected for purpose of making hay. (41)
• Hepatotoxic Plant / Review: Both ruminants and nonruminants such as guinea pigs, rabbits, and female rats are susceptible to the hepatotoxic action of lantana toxins. The hepatotoxins are pentacyclic triterpenoids called lantadenes. Green unripe fruits are toxic to humans. Allelochemicals have been identified as phenolics, with umbelliferone, methylcoumarin and salicylic acid as most phytotoxic. Recent studies have showed lantadene A and B as more potent allelochemicals. Lantana toxicosis in animals is managed by drenching with activated charcoal and supportive therapy. (48)

Availability
Wild-crafted. 

Updated March 2022 / March 2018 / November 2015

PHOTOS / ILLUSTRATIONS
Photos © Godofredo Stuart / StuartXchange

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
An Insight into the Toxicological and Medicinal Properties of Lantana camara Plant / Dr. R. K. Mandial /
(2)
Evaluation of antimotility effect of Lantana camara L. var. acuelata constituents on neostigmine induced gastrointestinal transit in mice / Lenika Sagar, Rajesh Sehgal, and Sudarshan Ojha / BMC Complement Altern Med / 2005; 5: 18./ doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-5-18.
(3)
Weed Alert: Lantana / John Patrick
(4)
An Overview of the Research on the Hepatotoxic Plant Lantana camara / Om P. Sharma /
(5)

Investigation of wound healing activity of Lantana camara L. in Sprague dawley rats using a burn wound model /
International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products / Vol. 1(1), pp. 15-19, March/April 2008
(6)

Evaluation of wound healing activity of Lantana camara L. - a Preclinical study / B. Shivananda Nayak, S. Sivachandra Raju et al / Phytotherapy Research / Vol 23 Issue 2, Pages 241 - 245
(7)

In vitro cytotoxic activity of Lantana camara Linn / C Raghu, G Ashok, SA Dhanaraj, B Suresh, P Vijayan / Indian Journal of Pharmacology /
RESEARCH LETTER / Year : 2004 | Volume : 36 | Issue : 2 | Page : 94-95
(8)
Phytochemical and termiticidal study of Lantana camara var. aculeata leaves / VERMA Rajesh K, VERMA Suman K / Fitoterapia / 2006, vol. 77, no6, pp. 466-468
(9)
Biochemical compositions and antibacterial activities of Lantana camara plants with yellow, lavender, red and white flowers / Deepak Ganjewala et al / EurAsia J BioSci 3, 69-77 (2009)
(10)
Evaluation of Larvicidal Effect of Lantana Camara Linn Against Mosquito Species Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus
/ M Sathish Kumar and S. Maneemegalai / Avances in Biological Research 2 (3-4): 39-43, 2008
(11)
A Comparative Study: Antimicrobial Activity of Methanol Extracts of Lantana camara Various Parts / Mahdi Pour Badakhshan, Srinivasan Sasidharan et al / RESEARCH ARTICLE, 2009m Vol 1, No 6, Page : 348-351
(12)
Pharmacognostic and anti-hyperglycemic evaluation of Lantana camara (L.) var. aculeate leaves in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats / Ganesh T, Saikat Sen, Thilagan E, et al / Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci. Vol-1, Issue-3, 247-252, 2010
(13)
STUDIES ON THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF LANTANA CAMARA LINN / wahab, Aneela, 2004 / Thesis / Pakistan Research Repository
(14)
In vivo toxicity study of Lantana camara / Badakhshan Mahdi Pour, Sreenivasan Sasidharan / Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2011)230-232
(15)
A study of Lantana camara linn aromatic oil as an antibacterial agent
/ Smaranika Pattnaik and Banita Pattnaik / IntRJPharmSci.2010; 01(01); 0032.
(16)
Evaluation of antimotility effect of Lantana camara L. var. acuelata constituents on neostigmine induced gastrointestinal transit in mice / Lenika Sagar, Rajesh Sehgal and Sudarshan Ojha / BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2005, 5:18 doi:10.1186/1472-6882-5-18
(17)
THE EFFICACY OF Lantana ( Lantana camara) FLOWERS AND LEAVES EXTRACT ON COCKROACH (Periplaneta Americana) / Thesis / MANILYN F. DIANO / 2012 Presented to the faculty of College of Science University of eastern Philippines University Town, Northern Samar In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Biology
(18)
Lantana camara / Vernacular names / GLOBinMED
(19)
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF LANTANA ACULEATA ROOTS / VINOTH KUMAR. K, DAWOOD SHARIEF. S AND SUKUMAR. E / International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, Vol 2, Issue 2, Apr-Jun 2011
(20)
Lantana camara L. / Synonyms / The Plant List
(21)
The anti-mycobacterial activity of Lantana camara a plant traditionally used to treat symptoms of tuberculosis in South-western Uganda / Claude Kirimuhuzya, Paul Waako, Moses Joloba, and Olwa Odyek / Afr Health Sci. 2009 Mar; 9(1): 40–45.
(22)
A brief review on: Therapeutical values of Lantana camara plant / Mamta Saxena*, Jyoti Saxena and Sarita Khare / INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & LIFE SCIENCES, 3(3): Mar., 2012]
(23)
In-vitro Antispasmodic Activity Analysis of Methanolic Leaves Extract of Lantana camara Linn. on Excised Rat Ileum. / Prasanna P. Ghodake, Ajit S. Kulkarni, Nagesh H. Aloorkar, Riyaz Ali Osmani, Rohit R. Bhosale, Bhargav R. Harkare, Birudev B. Kale / Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
(24)
Cytotoxicity and Oral Acute Toxicity Studies of Lantana camara Leaf Extract / Badakhshan Mahdi Pour, Lachimanan Yoga Latha and Sreenivasan Sasidharan* / Molecules 2011, 16, 3663-3674 / doi:10.3390/molecules16053663
(25)
ANTI­ULCEROGENIC EFFECTS OF LANTANA CAMARA LINN. LEAVES ON IN VIVO TEST MODELS IN RATS / THAMOTHARAN G, SEKAR G, GANESH T, SAIKAT SEN*, RAJA CHAKRABORTY, SENTHIL KUMAR N / Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2010 ISSN - 0974-2441
(26)
Essential oil from leaves of Lantana camara: a potential source of medicine against leishmaniasis
/ Rachel R. P. Machado*; Wilson Valente Júnior; Bernhard LescheI; Elaine S. Coimbra, Nicolli B. de Souza; Clarice Abramo; Geraldo Luiz G. Soares; Maria Auxiliadora C. Kaplan / Rev. bras. farmacogn. vol.22 no.5 Curitiba Sept./Oct. 2012 Epub Apr 24, 2012 / http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2012005000057
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Studies on the chemical constituents of the leaves of Lantana camara
/ Pan WD, Mai LT, Li YJ, Xu XL, Yu DQ. / Yao Xue Xue Bao. 1993;28(1):35-9.
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Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and antimicrobial studies on the leaves of Lantana camara Linn. / Rakesh Ranjan Pradhan, Deepak Kumar Hati and Saswati Samal / Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2012, 4 (6):1648-1656
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Lantana Camara Linn. Chemical Constituents and Medicinal Properties: A Review
/ N M Reddy / Sch. Acad. J. Pharm., 2013; 2(6):445-448
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New Triterpenes of Lantana camara. A Comparative Study of the Constituents of Several Taxa
/ N Hart, J Lamberton, A Sioumis and H Suares / Australian Journal of Chemistry 29(3) 655 - 671, 1976
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Adulticidal activity of essential oil of Lantana camara leaves against mosquitoes / V.K. Dua, A.C. Pandey & A.P. Dash* / Indian J Med Res 131, March 2010, pp 434-439
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Ingestion of Lantana camara Is Not Associated With Significant Effects in Children / Shaun D. Carstairs, Joyce Y. Luk, Christian A. Tomaszewski, F. Lee Cantrell / Pediatrics, December 2010, VOL 126 / ISSUE 6
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Adsorption of Phenol from Aqueous Solution Using Lantana camara, Forest Waste: Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies / C. R. Girish and V. Ramachandra Murty / International Scholarly Research Notices
Volume 2014 (2014) / http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/201626
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Investigation of wound healing activity of Lantana camara L. in Sprague dawley rats using a burn wound model / Nayak BS*, Raju SS, Ramsubhag A / International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products Vol. 1(1), pp. 15-19, March/April 2008
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BIOACTIVITY STUDIES ON LANTANA CAMARA LINN./ M. REMYA*, NIMHOR VASHUM AND SUBHA SIVASANKAR / Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2013 Jan; 4(1): (P) 81 -90
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Accidental Poisoning from Lantana camara (Cherry Pie) Hay Fed to Ostriches (Struthio camelus) / Ross Gordon COOPER* / Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2007; 31(3): 213-214
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Lantana camara Linn leaf extract mediated green synthesis of goldnanoparticles and study of its catalytic activity / Shib Shankar Dash, Braja Gopal Bag, Poulami Hota / Appl Nanosci / DOI 10.1007/s13204-014-0323-4
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In vivo Toxicological Studies on Methanol Leaf Extract of Lantana camara / C.L. Asadu, O. Abonyi, C.A., Anosike, P.N. Uzoegwu and R.I. Uroko / American-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Sciences 7 (2): 115-122, 2015 / DOI: 10.5829/idosi.aejts.2015.7.2.9318
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Antagonistic Study of Lantana camara (Linn) against with Pathogenic Bacteria / Geeta Shrestha Vaidya, Nabin Bhattarai / Scientific World, Vol 7, No 7 (2009)
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Studies on chemical constituents of the roots of Lantana camara / Pan WD, Li YJ, Mai LT, Ohtani K, Kasai R, Tanaka O / Yao xue xue bao = Acta pharmaceutica Sinica 27:7 1992 pg 515-21
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Accidental Poisoning from Lantana camara (Cherry Pie) Hay Fed to Ostriches (Struthio camelus) / Ross Gordon COOPER* / Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci, 2007; 31(3): 213-214
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Repellent, Antifeedant, and Toxic Activities of Lantana camara Leaf Extract Against Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) / Zhonglin Yuan and Xing Ping Hu / Journal of Economic Entomology 105(6):2115-2121. 2012 / doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/EC12026
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Studies on hypoglycaemic and wound healing activities of Lantana camara Linn. / G. K. Dash*, P. Suresh, S. Ganapaty / JOURNAL OF NATURAL REMEDIES, Vol. 1/2 (2001) 105-110
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The Effect of Kantutay Leaves (Lantana camara L.) Crude Extract on the Defecation Frequency of Male White Mice / JOY B. PABILLARAN et al / doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/apr.v1i1.521
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Effects of Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) on general reproductive performance and teratology in rats. / Mello FB, Jacobus D, Carvalho K, Mello JR / Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 01 March 2005; 45(4): pp 459-466
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PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LANTANA CAMARA LEAVES’ SMOKE / Akumu Edwin O, Anthoney Swamy T**, Mutuku Chrispus Ngule, Jackie K. Obey and Miyogo Edwin / IJPBS, Vol 4, Issue 2; Apr-June 2014: pp 28-34
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Antifungal Activity of Lantana camara L. Leaf Extracts in Different Solvents Against Some Pathogenic Fungal Strains / Mudasir Fayaz, Musadiq Hussain Bhat, Mufida Fayaz, Amit Kumar and Ashok Kumar Jain / Pharmacologia, 8 (3): 105-112, 2017 / DOI: 10.5567/pharmacologia.2017.105.112
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A Review of the Hepatotoxic Plant Lantana camara / Om P Sharma, Sarita Sharma, Vasantha Pattabhi, Shashi B Mahato & Pritam D Sharma / Critical Reviews in Toxicology, Vol 37, Issue 4 (2007) / https://doi.org/10.1080/10408440601177863
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL GEL CONTAINING LANTANA CAMARA LEAVES EXTRACT / DEEPAK P PAWAR * , PRASHANT B SHAMKUWAR / Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Reserch, Vol 6, Issue 3 (2013)
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The effects of tree canopies on invasive Lantana camara: a follow-up study 18 years later
/ African Journal of Range and Forage Science, 2021; 38(3) / DOI: 10.2989/10220119.2020.1850522
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Ecology and Use of Lantana camara in India
/ Girish C S Negi, Lok M S Palni et al / The Botanical Review, 2019; 85: pp 109-130 /
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A sol-gel approach to the synthesis of CuO nanoparticles using Lantana camara leaf extract and their photo-catalytic activity / B Arunkumar, M Jothibas / Optik, April 2019; Vol 183: pp 698-705 /
DOI: 10.1016/j.ij;eo.2019.02.046
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Lantana camara (Lantana) / CABI

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