Botany
Uray is an erect, smooth, branched unarmed herb, 30 to 60 centimeters high. Leaves are alternate, ovate, long-petioled, 4 to 10 centimeters long, obtuse tip, usually notched, base truncate or decurrent. Flowers are very small, densely disposed, green, 1 millimeter long. Sepals are 5, or 1 to 3, ovate to linear, often aristate. Inflorescences are terminal, axillary, simple or panicled, interrupted spikes. Fruits are compressed, indehiscent or circumcised utricles. Seeds are black or brown, orbicular.

Note: This herb differs from Amaranthus spinosus (Uray) in the absence of spines on the stems.

Distribution
- A common roadside weed on lowlands at low and medium altitudes.
- Probably introduced.
- Found in all warm countries.

Chemical constituents
The powdered leaves yield tannin, some reducing sugar and resin, but no alkaloid.

Parts utilized
· Roots.
· Harvest the root at any time of the year.
· Wash thoroughly, cut into pieces and sun-dry.
· The plant can be eaten as a vegetable.

Properties
· Similar to Uray (A. spinosus).
· Febrifuge.
· Emollent (leaves).
· Considered emollient and vermifuge.

Uses
Nutritional
Leaves and seeds are edible.
Eaten as vegetable.
The tops are rich in calcium and iron. The plant is a good source of vitamins B and C.
Study found it to be an excellent source of protein.
Folkloric
The plant isThe therapeutic properties and dosage are very nearly identical to Amaranthus spinosus (Uray).
Poultice of leaves for inflammations, boils and abscesses.
Use for acne and for skin cleansing.
Infusion of plant has been used as a diuretic and galactagogue.
Used for snake bites and scorpion stings.
Decoction of plant used for dysentery and inflammation.
In India, stem used as antidote for snake bites. Leaves used for scorpion stings. Traditionally used for constipation, inflammation, eczema, bronchitis, anemia and leprosy.
In Nepal, infusion of powdered seeds of flower used for stomach problems. Seeds also used in pregnant women to lessen labor pains.

Studies
• Flavonoids / Rutin / Quercetin: Study yielded flavonoids quercetin and rutin. Flavonoids possess biochemical effects – inhibition of enzymes, hormone regulation, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, among other. Av presents itself as a good medicinal food.
• Antiviral: (1) Virucidal potential of some edible Nigerian vegetables: Extract from four leaves, including A viridis, used as edible vegetables, were test for antiviral activity. All the extracts showed dose-dependent antiviral activity. (2) A ribosome-inactivating protein from Amaranthus viridis: An antiviral protein, amaranthin, was isolated from AV.
• Antinociceptive / Antipyretic: Study of methanolic extract of the whole plant of Amaranthus viridis in mice reveals dose-dependent antinociceptive and antipyretic activities.
• Pollen Grains / Allergenicity: Study concludes that airborne A. viridis pollen is the most prevalent pollen during August to November in the outdoor environment of Saudi Arabia, with a clear pattern of midday to early evening maxima.
• Anthelmintic: Three plants belonging to the Amaranthacea family – A spinosus, A caudatus and A viridis, traditionally used as vermicides, were studied for anthelmintic activity using earthworms (Phretima posthuma). Study concludes all three plants possess potent anthelmintic activity compared to Piperazine.

Availability
Wild-crafted.