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Family Compositae

Taragon
Artemisia dracunculus L.
TARRAGON

Long hao

Scientific names Common names
Achillea dracunculus Hort. ex Steud. Taragon (Tag.)
Artemisia aromatica A. Nelson French taragon (Engl.)
Artemisia changaica Krasch. Little dragon (Engl.)
Artemisia dracunculoides Pursh Silky wormwood (Engl.)
Artemisia dracunculus L. Tarragon (Engl.)
Artemisia glauca Pall. ex Willd.  
Artemisia inodora Hook. &. Am.  
Artemisia nodora Willd.  
Oligosporus dracunculiformis (Karsch.) Poljaov  
Oligosporus dracunculus (L.) Poljakod. &. Am.  
Oligosporus glaucus (Pall. ex Willd.) Poljaov  
Artemisia dracunculus L. is an accepted name. The Plant List

Other vernacular names
ARABIC: Tarhun.
CHINESE: Long hao.
DANISH: Esdragon, Fransk esdragon, Fransk estragon, Russisk esdragon.
DUTCH: Dragon, Drakebloed, Klapperkruid, Slangekruid.
FINNISH: Rakuma.
FRENCH: Dragon, Estragon.
GERMAN: Estragon.
ITALIAN: Dragoncello, Dragone, Estragon.
JAPANESE: Esutoragon, Taragon.
POLISH: Bylica estragon, Estragon.
PORTUGUESE: Estragão, Estragão-francês.
RUSSIAN: Estragon, Polyn' estragonnaia,Tarkhun.
SPANISH: Dragoncillo, Estragon.
SWEDISH: Dragon, Dragonört, Fransk dragon, Rysk dragon.
VIETNAMESE: Ngải thơm, Thanh hao lá hẹp, Thanh cao rồng.

General info
First called "Estragon" derived from the Arabic word "tharkhoum'" and the Latin word "dracunculus" meaning "little dragon" probably from the way the roots curls up like a dragon. The French refer to it as the "King of Herbs," flavoring many of its classic cuisine.

Botany
Tarragon is an aromatic perennial small shrub with slim woody branching stems growing to a height of 2 to 3 feet. Leaves are linear or lanceolate , 1 to 4 inches long, with small globe-shaped yellow or greenish-white flowers in terminal panicles.

Distribution
Cultivated.

Constituents
- Estragole is the main constituent of tarragon essential oil.

- Active secondary metabolites are essential oil (0.15%-3.1%), coumarins (>1%), flavonoids, and phenolcarbonic acids.
- Analysis of essential oil yielded main components of 3,7-dimethyl-1,3,7-octatriene (38.43%), 1S-alpha-pinene (36.96%), 1-methoxy-4-(2-Propenyl)-benzene (8.57%), limonene (6.33%), 1R-alpha-pinene (3.40%), etc. (17)
- Study of essential oil extracted from air-dried shoots yielded 34 compounds. Major constituents were trans-Anethole (28.06%), Z-β-ocimene (15.79%), α- Terpenolene (10.12%), Elemecin (10.08%), 1, 8 cineole (7.71%) and α- copaene (2.78%), etc. (18)
- Nutrient analysis of herb per 100 g of herb yielded (Principles) energy 295 Kcal, carbohydrates 50.22 g, protein 22.77 g, total fat 7.24 g, cholesterol 0 mg, dietary fiber 7.4 g, (Vitamins) folates 274 µg, niacin 8.950 mg, pyridoxine 2.410 mg, riboflavin 1.339 mg, thiamin 0.251 mg, vitamin A 4200 IU, vitamin C 50.0 mg, (Electrolytes) sodium 62 mg, potassium 3020 mg / 64% RDA, (Minerals) calcium 1139 mg, copper 0.677 mg, iron 32.30 mg / 403% RDA, magnesium 347 mg, manganese 7.967 mg / 346% RDA. zinc 3.90 mg. (19)
- Study of essential oil yielded 19 compounds with main compounds of methyl chavicol (84.83%), trans-ocimene (3.86%), z-β-ocimene (3.42%), limonene (1.79%) and α-pinene (0.57%). Total phenols were 10.16 ± 0.08 mg/g gallic acid equivalent. (see study below) (23)
- GC-MS analysis of essential oil from leaves and stems yielded 10 major peaks. The first was alpha pinene(17%) followed by eucalyptol (15.46). The EO of leaves and stems revealed the presence of alkenes, aliphatic fluoro compounds, alcohols, ethers, carboxylic acid, esters, nitro compounds, alkanes, aldehydes, and ketone compounds. (41)
- Study of a dichlormethane extract isolated five metabolites viz., anethole (1), β-stigmasterol (2), herniarin (3), (2E,4E)-N-isobutylundeca-2,4-dien-8,10-diynamide (4) and (2E,4E)-1- (piperidin-1-yl)undeca-2,4-diene-8,10-diyn-1-one (5). (see study below) (43)

Properties
- The French variety has the aromatic oils lacking in Russian tarragon.
- The undiluted oil may be irritating to the skin.
- A rich plant source of potassium.
- Considered antiscorbutic, diuretic, emmenagogue, febrifuge, hypnotic, stomachic and vermifuge.
- Studies have suggested antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antihyperglycemic properties.

Caution
- Shares a common name with Artemisia vulgaris.
- Cross-allergenicity in those sensitive to plants in the Asteraceae/Compositae family; i.e., ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds and daisies.


Parts utilized
Above ground parts.

Uses
Culinary
- A culinary herb with distinctly flavored leaves that enhances the flavors of food (fish, poultry, pork, lamb, etc.). Used fresh in salads and as garnishes. Use in small amounts. Bitter when overcooked.
- Leaves used in the making of tarragon vinegar.
Folkloric
- Used for digestive disorders, toothache.
- To promote menstruation.
- Used as a diuretic and to enhance the appetite.
- In Iranian folk medicine, used for its anticoagulant activity; also as antiepileptic.
Others
- Tarragon oil is extracted from the leaves and flowering tops. Used as a fragrance in soaps and cosmetics.
- Essential oil used in aromatherapy for digestive and menstrual problems.


Studies

Anti-Diabetic: Polyphenolic compounds were isolated from A dracunculus which inhibited PEPCK gene expression and gluconeogenesis in a hepatoma cell line. Results suggest the isolated compounds maybe responsible for its glucose-lowering activity. (1) Study evaluated the antidiabetic effect of Artemisia dracunculus against alloxan induced diabetes in Wistar rats. Results showed significant anti-diabetic activity. Glibenclamide was used as standard. (29)
Anti-Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation:
Study of extracts of Artemisia dracunculus showed inhibition of platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion and supports its traditional use as an anticoagulant. (
3)
Benzodiazepines:
Study showed binding activity in the extracts of Artemisia dracunculus showed a binding affinity to the central human benzodiazepine receptor. (
4)
Antifungal:
Study isolated antifungal constituents, 5-phenyl-1,3-pentadiyne and capillarinin - from the essential oil fraction of AD. It also isolated methyleugenol, another antifungal constituent of the oil. (
5)
Toxicological Evaluation / Tarralin:
Tarralin is an ethanolic extract of A dracunculus (Russian tarragon). No signs of toxicity were noted in an acute limit test in rats and in an oral subchronic 90-day toxicity study. Results suggest tarralin is safe and non-toxic with no observed adverse effects in rats up to 1000 mg/kg/day. (6)
Comparative Study / Inhibition of Blood Platelet Adhesion, Aggregation and Secretion:
Study compared the inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of three herbs viz., Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon), Satureja hortensis (summer savory) and Origanum marjoram (marjoram) on adhesion of activated platelet to laminin-coated platelets, aggregation, and protein secretion. At concentration of 200 µg/ml, the herbs showed platelet inhibition by 51%, 48%, and 40%, respectively. In addition to alteration of cell adhesive properties, self aggregation and protein secretion of treated platelets were also affected by treatment with methanol extracts. Results provide basis for traditional use of the herbs in treatment of cardiovascular diseases and thrombosis. (7)
Antimicrobial: Study showed the methanol extract of A dracunculus is more effective against tested organisms than chloroform or acetone extracts. There was inhibition of P aeruginosa, E coli, Shigella, L monocytogenes. (
8)
Anticonvulsant / Sedative:
Study of the essential oil revealed the presence of trans-anethole, limonene, a-pinene, allo-ocimene, methyl eugenol, ß-pinene, a-terpinolene, bornyl acetate and bicylogermacrene. Results showed anticonvulsant and sedative effects probably related to the presence of monoterpenoids in the essential oil. (9)
Anti-Platelet Adhesion / Cardiovascular Thrombosis:
Platelet hyperactivity, resulting in platelet adhesion to the vessel wall, is one of the most important factors in thrombosis and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Study of the methanol extracts of three herb spices, including Artemisia dracunculus, showed inhibition of platelet adhesion. In addition to alteration of cell adhesive properties, cell aggregation and protein secretion were also affected in the treated platelets. Results provide a basis for the use of the herbs in the treatment of cardiovascular disease and thrombosis. (11)
Tarralin / Safety Studies:
Tarralin, an ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus, a common medicinal and culinary herb, was shown to be safe and non-toxic in studies, with no-adverse effects in rat study at 1000 mg/kg/day.
Hypoglycemic Effects / Screening / Tarragon on Insulin Action in Humans:
Results are awaited on study of PMI-5011, investigated on its effects on improving carbohydrate metabolism by enhancement of molecular events of insulin action in skeletal muscle. (13)
Antinociceptive / Anti-Inflammatory / Leaves:
Study evaluated the nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of leaf aqueous extract on fructose drinking water (FDW) in male rats. Results showed FDW causes pain response score to increase and cause proinflammatory cytokines in a rat model. The AD leaf aqueous extracts showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. (
20)
No Significant DPPIV Inhibition: Study evaluated if extracts of A. dracunculus can act as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV) inhibitor for the control of type 2 diabetes. Results sowed the extract could not significantly control DPPIV activity. (
21)
Antinociceptive / Essential Oil: Study evaluated the antinociceptive effect of essential oil of A. dracunculus in various experimental models. Results showed peripheral and central nociceptive activity (formalin and hot-plate test. (
22)
Antibacterial / Antioxidant / Natural Preservatives / Essential Oil: The essential oil showed antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The major aromatic compound was The compounds may have potential in the prevention of cancer and atherosclerosis, through the inhibition of lipid oxidation. Results suggest potential for use as natural preservative in food models to replace synthetic preservatives in foods. (see constituents above) (
23)
Anticoagulant / Leaves: Study evaluated the presence of coumarins in tarragon leaves and the extract with major amount of coumarin derivatives. Purified extracts and fractions from plant residue after essential oil distillation showed the best anticoagulant activity. The methanol extract at concentration of 5% showed best anticoagulant activity. (
24)
Antidiarrheal / Essential Oil: Study evaluated the effects of essential oil of A. dracunculus on rat alimentary tract. Results showed inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhea at 75 and 100 mg/kg dose. The EOAD delayed the onset of diarrhea. (
25)
Hemolytic Effect: Study evaluated the effect of three extracts (A. dracunculus, Cuminum cyminum, and Heracleum persicum) on biological membrane. A. dracunculus showed the highest hemolytic effect. (
26)
Increased Glucose Uptake in Human Skeletal Muscle Culture: Animal pilot studies have shown an effect to improve glucose levels. Study evaluated an alcoholic extract of AD to promote glucose disposal in a major insulin sensitive tissue, i.e., skeletal tissue. Results showed AD has potential to improve glucose disposal in insulin sensitive tissues and may selectively increase IRS-2 abundance. (
27)
Inhibition of PEPCK Gene Expression and Gluconeogenesis in Hepatoma Cell Line: Study
evaluated an ethyl acetate extract of AD and its fractions for inhibitory activity of Dex-cAMP-induced PEPCK gene expression in an H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Study isolated two polyphenolic compounds that inhibited PEPCK mRNA levels were isolated and identified as 6-demethoxycapillarisin and 2',4'-dihydroxy-4- methoxydihydrochalcone with IC50 values of 43 and 61 µM, respectively. Results suggests the extract and compounds have a potential for use in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and related disorders. (28)
• Stimulation of Insulin Secretion: Study evaluated the effect of Artemisia dracunculus extract (PMI-5011) on ß-cell function and number of ß-cells in pancreatic islets. Results showed enhancement of insulin release from primary ß-cell, isolated mouse and human islets, and maintained ß-cell number. The PMI-5011 suppressed LPS/INFy-induced inflammation and inflammatyory mediator/s in macrophages. PMI-5011 also inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and expression of iNOS and attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) production in macrophages. Results suggest a potential for diabetes treatment via increasing insulin release from ß-cells and decrease capacity of macrophages to combat inflammation. (
30)
• Mitigation of Role of Ceramides in Attenuating Insulin Signaling in Rat Skeletal Muscles: The botanical extract of A. dracunculus (PMI5011) has been shown to improve insulin action. Study evaluated the mechanism by which PMI5011 improves insulin signaling. The effect of PMI5011 on ceramide accumulation and ceramide-induced inhibition of insulin signaling was evaluated PMI5011 had no effect on ceramide formation or accumulation but increased insulin sensitivity via restoration of Akt phosphorylation and attenuated FFA induced upregulation of a negative inhibitor of insulin signaling. (31)
• Nano-Encapsulated Tarragon / Sustained Release Nano-Larvicide: Study evaluated tarragon essential oil (TEO) encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles using ion gelation technique. Results suggest the easy, fast, and green method for prepared nanoformulation could be introduced as an alternative to synthetic larvicides. (32)
• Effect on Cellular Insulin Signaling in Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Culture: Study evaluated the effect of an active fraction on insulin signaling in human skeletal muscle (HSKM) culture. Results showed AS160 levels were higher in lean individuals, but does not appeared altered in the presence of F7. The active fraction, F7, may have the ability to increase insulin stimulated Akt phosphorylation in human primary cell culture. (33)
• Antioxidant / Hepatoprotective / CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity / Acute Toxicity Study / -Aerial Parts: Study evaluated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of A. dracunculus against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Total phenolic content was 197.22 ± 3.73 mg gallic acid E/g dry weight. The extract exhibited powerful activity in FRAP. DPPH. and ABTS tests. Acute toxicity study showed an LD50 of >5000 mg/kg. Results showed hepatoprotective effect as evidenced by significant decrease in altered biochemical markers along with histopathological studies. (34)
• Antibacterial / Essential Oil: Study evaluated the antibacterial activity of A. dracunculus essential oil on burn isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Results showed potential use of the essential oil for control of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. 14.5% of the isolates were sensitive to all tested concentrations of A. dracunculus essential oil. (35)
• Larvicidal Against Anopheles stephensi / Anti-Malarial / Essential Oil: Study evaluated the larvicidal activity of three medicinal plants essential oils viz., Artemisia dracunculus (branches and leaves), Carum carvi (seeds), and Rosmarinus officinalis (branches and leaves) against larvae of Anopheles stephensi. Results showed high larvicidal potential for essential oils of A. dracunculus and C. carvi. (36)
• Wound Healing / Combination with Chitosan: Study evaluated the effect of Artemisia dracunculus in combination with chitosan nanoparticle biofilm on MRSA infected excisional wounds in a rat model. Animals with infected wounds treated topically with A. dracunculus and dressed with chitosan nanoparticle biofilm showed significant difference (p<0.05) in measures of microbiology, reduction in wound area and hydroxyproline contents. Results showed reproducible wound healing potential. (37)
• Essential Oil as Meat Preservative: Study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of Tarragon essential oil on beef burger products. Tarragon EO 9.25% at storage temperature of 4° ±1°C decreased growth rate of S. aureus in beef burger (p<0.05). Results suggest the EO can be used as an anti-bacterial and flavor enhancer in meat products such as beef burger. (38)
• Effect of Drying Methods on Leaves Color: Study showed the greatest effect in color change occurred in removing 1-10% moisture. Color changing of tarragon leaves is a function of time and temperature of drying. Faster drying in relation to applied temperature resulted in less color changes, seemingly observed in shadow method and industrial oven drying at both 70°C and 100°C. (39)
• Promotion of Psychological Resilience / Mouse Model of Depression: Study demonstrated that oral administration of botanical extract PMI 5011 promoted resilience to repeated social defeat stress (RSDS)-mediated depression-like phenotypes. Behavioral improvements were also associated with attenuation of stress-mediated induction of inflammatory cytokines in the periphery and alteration of synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Results suggest potential for development of PMI 5011 as novel therapeutic for treatment of stress disorders and anxiety in humans. (40)
• Mutagenicity and Liver Toxicity Assessment: Study evaluated the mutagenicity and liver toxicity of the herb tarragon using single cell gel (comet) electrophoresis. The study demonstrated a direct correlation between tarragon extract dosage and three major outcome variables: MI, serum liver enzyme activity, and liver histopathology. Outcomes were probably due to the presence in tarragon of methylchavicol and other genotoxic compounds. Findings provide a guide for risk assessment of tarragon use in diet and in other possible therapeutic applications. (42)
• Inhibitory Effect Against Carbonic Anhydrase I and II Isoenzymes: Study of a dichlormethane extract isolated five metabolites viz., anethole (1), β-stigmasterol (2), herniarin (3), (2E,4E)-N-isobutylundeca-2,4-dien-8,10-diynamide (4) and (2E,4E)-1- (piperidin-1-yl)undeca-2,4-diene-8,10-diyn-1-one (5). A. dracunculus and the pure metabolites were investigated against human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes. Results showed strong inhibitory effects in the range of 8.65-486.2 µM of IC50 values for carbonic anhydrase I and II. (see constituents above) (43)
• Immunomodulatory / Estragole from Essential Oil: Study evaluated the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potentials of estragole and methy-eugenol free extract of tarragon. Results showed aqueous extract of tarragon can inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines and induce anti-inflammatory macropages and has as potential as natural immunomodulatory. (44)

Availability
- Cultivated.
- Essential oil in the cybermarket.

Updated September 2019 / December 2015

IMAGE SOURCE: / Photograph / Tarragon or dragon's-wort (Artemisia dracunculus L. / Non-profit use / click on image to go to source page/ See It 360 / / @ Copyright 2013 Southern Digital Solutions LLC - 404-551-4275
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE:: Public Domain / Artemisia glauca Pall. ex Willd / USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / Britton, N.L., and A. Brown. 1913. An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions. Vol. 3: 524. / USDA

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Polyphenolic compounds from Artemisia dracunculus L. inhibit PEPCK gene expression and gluconeogenesis in an H4IIE hepatoma cell line / Dmitry Govorko et al / Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E1503-E1510, 2007. First published September 11, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00420.2007
0193-1849/0
(2)
Tarragon / Essential Oil
(3)
Inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion by Artemisia dracunculus leaves extracts / Journal of ethnopharmacology ISSN 0378-8741 CODEN JOETD7 / 2007, vol. 114, no2, pp. 194-19
(4)
Identification of benzodiazepines in Artemisia dracunculus and Solanum tuberosum rationalizing their endogenous formation in plant tissue / Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Mar 5;269(1):290-5.
(5)
Antifungal Constituents of the Essential Oil Fraction of Artemisia dracunculus L. Var. dracunculus / J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50 (24), pp 6989–6992 DOI: 10.1021/jf020466w
(5)
Artemisia dracunculus - L. / Tarragon / Plants For A Future
(6)
Toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. for use as a dietary supplement and in functional foods / Ribnicky David et al / Food and chemical toxicology • 2004, vol. 42, no4, pp. 585-598
(7)
Comparative effects of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion / Razieh Yazdanparast and Leila Shahriyary / Vascular Pharmacology, January 2008; Volume 48, Issue 1: pp 32-37 / doi:10.1016/j.vph.2007.11.003
(8)
Screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. / Mehika Benil et al / Cell Biochemistry and Function • Volume 25 Issue 6, Pages 681 - 686 / DOI 10.1002/cbf.1373
(9)
Anticonvulsant activity and chemical composition of Artemisia dracunculus L. essential oil / Mohammad Sayyah et al / doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.05.021 / Journal of Ethnopharmacology • Volume 94, Issues 2-3, October 2004, Pages 283-287
(10)
TWO NEW COMPOUNDS FROM ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULUS L. / Razieh Yazdanparast et al / DARU, VOL. 8, No. 1 & 2, 2000
(11)
Comparative effects of Artemisia dracunculus, Satureja hortensis and Origanum majorana on inhibition of blood platelet adhesion, aggregation and secretion / Razieh Yazdanparast and Leila Shahriyary /
Vascular Pharmacology, Volume 48, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 32-37 / doi:10.1016/j.vph.2007.11.003
(12)
Toxicological evaluation of the ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. for use as a dietary supplement and in functional foods / Ribnicky DM, Poulev A et al / Food Chem Toxicol. 2004 Apr;42(4):585-98.
(13)
Safety and Efficacy Study of Tarragon on Insulin Action in Humans (5011) / Clinical Trials / NIH
(14)
Artemisia dracunculus L. / Synonyms / The Plant List
(15)
Sorting Artemisia names / /Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE / Copyright © 1995 - 2020 / A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia.
(16)
Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A Critical Review of Its Traditional Use, Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Safety / Ivo Pischel, Bjoern Feistel, Michael Heinrich et al / Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 09/2011; 59(21):11367-84. / DOI: 10.1021/jf202277w

(18)
Phytochemical studies on the extract and essential oils of Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon) / Irfan-ur-Rauf Tak*, Dawood Mohiuddin, B. A. Ganai, M. Z. Chishti, Fayaz Ahmad and Jehangir Shafi Dar / African Journal of Plant Science, Vol. 8(1), pp. 72-75, January 2014 / DOI: 10.5897/AJPS2013.1145
(19)
Tarragon herb nutrition facts / Nutritional Values/ USDA National Nutrient Data Base
(20)
The Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Artemisia dracunculus L. Aqueous Extract on Fructose Fed Male Rats / Shahraki Mohammad Reza, Mirshekari Hamideh, and Samadi Zahra / Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 2015 (2015) / http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/895417
(21)
Evaluating The Use of Artemisia dracunculus L. as a DPPIV Inhibitor for Type II Diabetes / Roger Nehaul College of Agriculture and Life Sciences UFID: 2196-0259
(22)
Antinociceptive effect of the essential oil of tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) / Masoud Maham*, Hemmat Moslemzadeh & Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin / Pharmaceutical Biology, Volume 52, Issue 2, 2014 / DOI:10.3109/13880209.2013.824007
(23)
The Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) Essential Oil and Its Chemical Composition / Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori; Noordahr Rokni; Vadood Razavilar; and Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei / Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology. 2013 November; 6(9): e7877 / DOI: 10.5812/jjm.7877
(24)
Anticoagulant activity of some Artemisia dracunculus leaf extracts
/ Kemal Duric, Elvira E. Kovac-Besovic, Haris Niksic, Samija Muratovic, Emin Sofic / Bosn J Basic Med Sci.. May 2015; 15(2): pp 9-14 /   DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2015.384 / PMID: 26042507
(25)
Effects of Artemisia dracunculus essential oil on diarrhea and intestinal transit time in rat gastrointestinal tract / Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin , Behzad Mehrivar qarehdarvishlu / Physiol Pharmacol. 2015; 18 (4) :416-428
(26)
Study of aqueous extract of three medicinal plants on cell membrane–permeabilizing and their surface properties / GD Noudeh, F Sharififar, M Khatib, E Behravan, MA Afzadi / African Journal of Biotechnology, 2010; Vol 9, No 1: pp 110-116
(27)
Effect of a Alcoholic Extract of Artemisia dracunculus (Tarralin™) on Glucose Uptake in Human Skeletal Muscle Culture / ZHONG WANG, XIAN M. ZHANG, DAVID M. RIBNICKY, WILLIAM T. CEFALU / Abstract Number: 1706-P / 2004

(28)
Polyphenolic compounds from Artemisia dracunculus L. inhibit PEPCK gene expression and gluconeogenesis in an H4IIE hepatoma cell line / Dmitry Govorko, Sithes Logendra, Yanxin Wang, Debora Esposito, Slavko Komarnytsky, David Ribnicky, Alexander Poulev, Zhong Wang, William T. Cefalu, and Ilya Raskin / Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293: E1503–E1510, 2007 / doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00420.2007.
(29)
Phytochemical Screening And Hypoglycemic Effect Of Artemisia Dracunculus L.
/ Mohammad Mansoor, Kota Ashok*, Srinivasa Rao D. / INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHARMACY MEDICINE AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES, May-August 2015 ; Volume 3, Issue 2: pp 93-97
(30)
An Extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. stimulates insulin secretion from β cells, activates AMPK and suppresses inflammation / Sita Aggarwal, PhD, Giri Shailendra, PhD et al / J Ethnopharmacol., July 21, 2015; 170: pp 98-105 /  doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.05.003
(31)
Bioactives of Artemisia dracunculus L. Mitigate the Role of Ceramides in Attenuating Insulin Signaling in Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells / Diana N Obanda, Amy Hernandez, David Ribnicky et al / Diabetes, 2012 Mar; 61(3): pp 597-605 / https://doi.org/10.2337/db11-0396
(32)
Nano-encapsulated tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) essential oil as a sustained release nano-larvicide / Mahmoud Osanioo, Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat, Hassan Sereshti, Amir Amani / Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences, March-April 2019; 5(2)
(33)
Effect of an active fraction of Artemisia dracunculus L. on cellular insulin signaling in Primary Human Skeletal Muscle Culture
) / Leslie S Son / 67th Scientific Section, 2007
(34)
Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Artemisia dracunculus against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats / Vahid Zarezade, Jalal Moludi. Mostafa Mostafazadeh, Mohammad Mohammadi, Ali Veisi /
Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. Jan-Feb 2018; 8(1): pp 51-62
(35)
Antibacterial Effects of Artemisia dracunculus Essential Oil on Multi-drug Resistant Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii / N H Jazani, M Zartoshti, H Babazadeh and N. Ali=Daiee / Bacteriology Journal, 1: pp 31-36 / DOI: 10.3923/bj.2011.31.36 
(36)
Study on Larvicidal Effects of Essential Oils of Three Iranain Native Plants against Larvae Anopheles stephensi (Liston) / Hanieh Torabi Pour, Mansoureh Shayeghi et al / Vector Biology Journal, 2016; 1(2) / doi:10.4172/2473-4810.1000109
(37)
Artemisia dracunculus in combination with chitosan nanoparticle biofilm improves wound healing in MRSA infected excisional wounds: An animal model study / Reza Ranhbar, Alireza Yousefi / EurAsian Journal of BioSciences, 2018; 12(2): pp 219-226
(38)
Use of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) essential oil as a natural preservative in beef burger / Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori N Rokni, Mhmoud Rafieian-kopaei et al / Ital. J. Food Sci., 2014; Vol 26
(39)
Study of effect of drying on the colour of Artemisia dracunculus L. leaves in different treatments of drying / Alireza Pourahmadiyan, Mohammad Hojjatoleslamy, Abdollah Ghasemi Pirbaloti, Sahar Rooshank, Mohammad Ali Shariati / Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Jan-Feb 2015; 3(1): pp 70-73
(40)
An Extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. Promotes Psychological Resilience in a Mouse Model of Depression / Jun Wang, Adelaida Esteban Fernandaz, Simoni Tiano, Jing Huang, Elizabeth Floyd, Alexander Poulev, David Ribnicky, and Giulio M Pasinetti / Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Vol 2018, Article ID 7418681 / https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7418681
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GC- MS Analysis of Essential Oil Extract from Leaves and Stems of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.). /Karzan Omer Qader,Tara Faeq M. Salah, and Abdulsalam Abdulrahman Rasul / Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 2017; 7(5)
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Toxicological and mutagenic analysis of Artemisia dracunculus (tarragon) extract / Hei9batullah Kalantari, Hamid Galehdari, Zahra Zaree, R Gesztelvi, Balazs Varga, David Haines, Mariann Bombicz, A Tosaki, B Juhasz Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013; 51(1): pp 26-32 / https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.052
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Inhibition effects of Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) extracts and its metabolites against the Carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes / Tuba Aydin, Bayram Yurtvermez, Ahmet Cakir, Murat Senturk, and Caviz Kazaz / 9th Annual European Pharma Congress / DOI: 10.4172/2167-7689-C1-024
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Estragole and methyl-eugenol-free extract of Artemisia dracunculus possesses immunomodulatory effects / Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani 1*, Leila Zarei2, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh1, Bahman Mansori Motlagh /
Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 2016; 8(5): pp 526-534


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