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Family Bignoneaceae
White trumpet tree
Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers.
WHITE CEDAR

Scientific names  Common names
Bignonia cranalis E.H.L.Krause Cuban pink trumpet tree (Engl.) 
Bignonia pallida Lindl. Pink tecoma (Engl.) 
Tabebuia dominicensis Urb. White cedar (Engl.) 
Tabebuia heterophylla subsp. dominicensis (Urb.) Stehle. White trumpet tree (Engl.)
Tabebuia heterophylla subsp. pallida (Lindl.) Stehle. Whitewood (Engl.) 
Tabebuia pallida (Lindl.) Miers.  
Tabebuia pallida subsp. dominicensis (Urb.) Stehle.  
"Trumpet" as coomon name is confusingly shared by many plants in the Philippines: (1) White trumpet tree, Tabebuia pallida (2) Tiwi, Dolichandrone spathacea (3) Trompeta, angel's trumpet, Datura arborea (4) Yellow bell, yellow trumpet, Stenolobium stans (5) Yellow allamanda, Golden trumpet bush, , Allamanda schottii (6) Lirio, Pink-striped trumpet lily, Crinum latifolium (7) Talong punay, Devil's trumpet,, Datura metel (8) Flaming trumpet vine, Pyrostegia venusta (9) Kampanilya, Angel's trumpet, Allamnda cathartica (10) Snake wood, Trumpet tree, Cecropia peltata (11) Trumpet lily, Lilium longiflorum (13) Pink trumpet tree, Tabebuia rosea
Tabebula pallida (Lindl) Miers. is an accepted name. The Plant List

Other vernacular names
DANISH: Trompettrae.
FRENCH: Poirier blanc, Poirier jaune, Poirier gris, Poirier pays, Poirier rouge, Poui pays.
RUSSIAN: Tabebuia blednaia.
SPANISH: Roble blanco.
SWEDISH: Trumpet blomma, Trumpet blomma trad.

Gen info
- Tabebuia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae.
- Tabebuias have been called "trumpet trees", a commoname applied to many local trees and a source of confusion.
(see above)

Botany
Tabebula pallida is a tree growing to a height of 6 to 7 meters. Leaves are. opposite and palmately compound. Leaflets are obtuse, usually 1 to 3, sometimes 4 or 5, oblong or narrowly obovate, up to 10 centimeters long. Flowers are solitary to few, cymes up to 5 centimeters long. Corolla is lilac white with a yellow tube. Fruit is pendant, linear, capsule up to 25 centimeters long.

Distribution
- Introduced to the Philippines.
- Cultivated as a showy flowering street tree.

- Wind-borne seed propagation.

Constituents
- In a study of various extracts of T. pallida, the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, 158.17 mg/g GAE and 5.43 mg/G CAE, respectively. (see study below) (3)

Properties
- Studies have suggested antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, free radical scavenging properties.

Parts utilized
Bark and leaves.

Uses
Folkloric
No recorded folkloric medicinal use in the Philippines.
In Antigua, bark of the tree used for corns and chopped leaves used for poultices.
Others
- Wood: Yields an excellent timber, used for making bowls, mortars and canoes.

Studies
Antibacterial / Multi-Drug Resistant Bacteria / Flowers:
Study evaluated crude extracts of leaves, stem bark, root bark, and flowers of Tabebuia pallida using disk diffusion and serial dilution method. Among test bacteria, E. coli was susceptible to all except the root extracts. The flower part was highly sensitive against all tested pathogens with maximum zone of inhibition of 21 mm. Results suggest the flower is a potential source of herbal medicines to treat infections. (2)
Anticancer / Anti-ROS / Leaves: Study evaluated the in-vitro anti-ROS and in-vivo anticancer activities of Tabebuia pallida leaves against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells. Among the extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) showed highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, 158.17 mg/g GAE and 5.43 mg/G CAE, respectively. The EAF showed highest total antioxidant capacity of 2.30 ± 0.080, and highest DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 6 ± 0.25 µg/ml and 3.58 ± 0.28 µg/ml, respectively. The EAF also showed potent inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation with IC50 of 14.33 ± 0.14 µg/ml. The in-vitro cytotoxic and in-vivo anticancer activity was evaluated against brine shrimp nauplii and EAC-induced tumor-bearing mice. EAF also showed moderate cytotoxic effect with ED50 of 8.50 ± 0.70 µg/ml and significant cell growth inhibition. (3)
Antioxidant / Free Radical Scavenging Activity / Leaves: Study evaluated the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of methanolic extracts of T. pallida stem bark, root bark, leaves and flowers. Leaves (TPL) extract showed the highest total antioxidant capacity. Based on DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, TPL showed strong scavenging activity (91.05± 1.10 and 62.00 ± 0.57 with IC50 of 9.20 ± 0.28 and 46.00 ± 2.84 µg/ml, respectively. In lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, TPL also showed most potent inhibitory activity with 83.18 ± 2.12% and IC50 of 12.00 ± 2.12 µg/ml. Results suggest a potential plant based pharmaceutical product for diseases caused by free radicals. (4)

Availability
- Wildcrafted.
- Cultivated.

                                            Abuse and Plagiarism of the Compilation on Philippine Medicinal Plants
                                                                                        Under the Guise of Fair Use

Update April 2020 / November 2010

                                                   PHOTOS / ILLUSTRATIONS
IMAGE SOURCE: File:Tabebuia pallida flowers in Secunderabad, AP W IMG 6694.jpg / Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike / J M Garg / May 25, 2008 / Wikimedia Commons
OTHER IMAGE SOURCE: Photo: :Tabebuia pallida in bloom / White Trumpet tree / © Alamy / click on image to go to source page / alamy

Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Tabebula pallida / Synonyms / The Plant List

(2)
In-vitro evaluation of antibacterial activity of Tabebuia pallida against multi-drug resistant bacteria / Md Mahbubur Rahman, Muhammad Ali Khan, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur et al / Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2016; 5(6):pp 464-467
(3)
Evaluation of anti-ROS and anticancer properties of Tabebuia pallida L. Leaves / Md Mahbubur Rahman, A S M Sakhawat Hossain, Md Golam Mostofa, Muhammad Ali Khan et al / Clinical Phytoscience, 2019; 5(17) /  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-019-0111-5
(4)
In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh / Md Mahbubur Rahman, Md Badrul Islam, A H M Khurshid Alam et al / DOI:10.1186/s13104-015-1618-6 / Corpus ID: 16893868
(5)
Sorting Tabebuia names / /Maintained by: Michel H. Porcher / MULTILINGUAL MULTISCRIPT PLANT NAME DATABASE / Copyright © 1995 - 2020 / A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia.

                                                                          DOI
It is not uncommon for links on studies/sources to change. Copying and pasting the information on the search window or using the DOI (if available) will often redirect to the new link page. (Citing and Using a (DOI) Digital Object Identifier)

                                                            List of Understudied Philippine Medicinal Plants

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