Niyog-niyogan is a shared common name by (1) Ficus pseudopalma, niyog-niyogan, niog-niogan, Lubi-lubi, and (2) Quisqualis indica, niyog-niyogan, niog-niogan.
Yesterday, today and tomorrow is a name shared by Brunfelsia pauciflora and Niyog-niyogan

Family Combretaceae
Niyog-niyogan
Quisqualis indica
YESTERDAY, TODAY AND TOMORROW
Shih-chun-tzu

Other scientific names Common names   
Q. densiflora  Balitadham (BIS.) Tañgulo (Bik.)
Q. malabarica  Bawe-bawe (Pamp.)  Tartaraok (Bik., Ilk.) 
Q. pubecens  Bonor (P. Bis.)  Tartarau (Iloko) 
Q. spinosa  Kasumbal (Bik.)  Taungon (Manobo) 
  Pinion (Bis.)  Tangolan (Tag.) 
  Piñones (C. Bis., Spanish)  Tontoraok (Tag.)
  Tagarau (Tag.)  Burma Creeper (Engl.)
  Tagulo (Tag.)  Chinese honeysuckle (Engl.) 
  Talulong; (Ibn.)  Liane Vermifuge (Engl.)  
  Talulung (Ibn.)  Rangoon creeper (Engl.)
  Tanglon (Bik.) Shih-chun-tzu (Chin.)
  Tangolo (Tag., Bik.)  Yesterday, today, and tomorrow (Engl.) 

Botany
Large climbing shrub. Leaves are oblong and opposite, rounded at the base. Flowers tubular and fragrant, white to purpish orange, in clusters on the same stalk. Narrow 5-angled dried frui, resembling coconuts in taste.

Graphic/photo
Fruits measuring 35-40 mm (upper and lower rows); seeds (middle row) shaped like the fruit-shell, measuring 12-15 mm.

Distribution
Grows widely in thickets. The seeds are easily propagated.

Parts utilized
Seeds (dried nuts) and leaves.

Constituents
Fatty oil, 15%; gum; resin.
Studies yield quisqualic acid, quisqualin A.
Considered anthelmintic, antiinflammatory.


Uses
Nutrion
Flowers are edible.
Folkloric
• Anthelmintic: Dried seeds preferable for deworming.
• Adults: Dried nuts-chew 8 to 10 small- to medium-sized dried nuts two hours after a meal, as a single dose, followed by a half glass of water. If fresh nuts are used, chew only 4-5 nuts. Hiccups occur more frequently with the use of fresh nuts.
• Children 3-5 years old: 4-5 dried nuts; 6 - 8 years old: 5-6 dried nuts; 9-12 years old: 6-7 dried nuts.
• Caution: Adverse reactions - diarrhea, abdominal pain, distention and hiccups more likely if nuts are eaten in consecutive days or when fresh nuts are eaten.
• Roasted seeds for diarrhea and fever.
• Pounded leaves externally for skin diseases.
• Decoction of boiled leaves used for dysuria.
• Ifugao migrants use it for headache.
• In Thailand, seeds used as anthelmintic; flowers for diarrhea.
• In Bangladesh, used for diarrhea, fever, boils, ulcers and helminthiasis.

Studies
Polyphenols / Antioxidant:
Flower extract yielded high polyphenol contents and showed strong antioxidant acitivity.
Anti-Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor:
Acetylcholine is one of the most important neurotransmitters in the central or peripheral nervous system. The methanolic extract of Q indica flower dose-dependently inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity.
Fixed Oil Storage Effect:
Study showed one year storage does not significantly affect the physical constants of the fixed oil.
Larvicidal Activity:
In a study screening 11 plant species of local flora against the IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti, Quisqualis indica was one of the plants that showed some larvicidal activity against Ae aegypti, albeit, at comparatively higher doses.

Availability
Wild-crafted. 


Additional Sources and Suggested Readings
(1)
Kinetics of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition of Quisqualis indica Linn. Flower Extract / Penpan Wetwitayaklung et al / Silpakorn U Science & Tech J Vol.1(2), 2007

(2)
FIXED OIL CONTENT OF QUISQUALIS INDICA L. FRUIT AS AFFECTED BY STORAGE / E G Quintana et al / ISHS Acta Horticulturae 132: III International Symposium on Spice and Medicinal Plants, XXI IHC
(3)
Study on toxicity of Quisqualis indica Linn.seed / Songpol Chivapat et al / Bulletin of Department of Medical Sciences 1998; 40(1): 9-21

(4)
Screening of some semi-arid region plants for larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
/ R Kaushik and P Saini / J Vector Borne Dis 46, September 2009, pp. 244–246


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